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Quiz 2
Electrolytes, Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Metabolism, Chemistry of Pregnancy, Lipids, Protein Chemistry and Carbohydrates
35
Chemistry
Graduate
04/01/2013

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Term
Which percentage of total serum calcium is nondiffusible protein bound?
Definition
40-50%
Term
Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the:
Definition
average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months
Term
Which are true with regards to the diagnostic use of alpha-fetoprotien:
Definition
maternal AFP levels are increased in neural tube defect and decreased in Down’s syndrome
Term
The regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is accomplished by which of the following glands:
Definition
parathyroid
Term
Urea
Definition
is the end product of protein catabolism
Term
Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the oxidation of fatty-acid
Definition
D the oxidation of fatty acids involved the alpha carbon atom with a subsequent splitting off of two carbon fragments
Term
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the oxidation of fatty-acid
Definition
A The glycerol portion of the molecule is converted to glycerol aldehydes and enters those reactions used by three carbon derivatives from carbohydrate metabolism, B Oxidation occurs through a series of reactions requiring several enzymes and cofactors leading to the production of Acetyl-Coenzyme A, and The acetyl-coenzyme A produced then enters the Krebs cycle to form the CO2, H2O, and energy
Term
The physiologic role of the proteins include:
Definition
Maintenance of osmotic pressure, Act as transporters especially in the carrying of metals, and Act as immunoglobulins
Term
Bile Acids serve to assist with
Definition
Emulsification of fats
Term
A patient has the following test results: increased serum calcium levels, decreased serum phosphorus levels, and increased levels of parathyroid hormone. This patient most likely has:
Definition
hyperparathyroidism
Term
Which of the following is most likely to be ordered in addition to serum calcium to determine the cause of tetany?
Definition
magnesium
Term
In a specimen collected for plasma glucose analysis, sodium fluoride:
Definition
inhibits glycolysis
Term
Monosaccharides can best be described as:
Definition
Straight chain polyhydroxy alcohols classified according to the number of carbon atoms in the chain.
Term
Primary aminoaciduria may be defined as:
Definition
An inherited enzyme defect present in either the pathway by which the specific amino acid is metabolized or in the renal transport system for reabsorption.
Term
Albumin will be increased in liver damage because albumin is synthesized in the liver
Definition
True
Term
The isoelectric point is best described as:
Definition
The pH at which all molecules exist in the ampholyte form possessing a net charge of zero
Term
Which of the following is secreted by the placenta and used for the early detection of pregnancy?
Definition
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
Term
Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays are useful in assessing prognosis in which of the following:
Definition
breast cancer
Term
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) often used in non pregnant patients to monitor certain cancers has a useful role in prenatal testing in the diagnosis of:
Definition
neural tube defect
Term
In the triple test for screening for Down’s syndrome the following markers are usually included:
Definition
alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic goandotropin, and estriol
Term
Fetal lung maturity may be assessed by measuring:
Definition
lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio
Term
All of the following are true EXCEPT
Definition
Glycogen synthesis is simply the conversion of glucose to glycogen
Term
All of the following are true
Definition
Glycogen is readily hydrolyzed by α and β amylases, Upon hydrolysis in the body it forms glucose and maltose, and D Branching occurs about every 8 to 12 glucose residues resulting in a more compact molecule than amylopectin
Term
Triacylglycerols are insoluble in water because
Definition
The fatty acid chains will not form hydrogen bonds, They tend to associate with other hydrophobic entities, and Triacylglycerols do not tend to form micelles
Term
Any condition that results in the restriction of carbohydrate metabolism with a subsequent increased fat metabolism will produce increased formation of
Definition
ketones
Term
Lipids are transported by means of a series of rather complex micellar structures that consist of an outer monolayer or protein (an apolipoprotein) and polar lipids (phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol), and an inner core of neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesteryl esters).
Definition
True
Term
When Trioses derived from the polyhydroxy alcohol glycerol undergo oxidation on the end terminal carbon there is the formation of
Definition
An aldose known as glyderaldehyde
Term
The anion gap is increased in patients with:
Definition
Lactic acidosis
Term
A potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L is obtained. Prior to reporting the result the technologist should:
Definition
Check the specimens for hemolysis
Term
The solute that contributes the most to the total serum osmolality is:
Definition
Sodium
Term
The adrenal corticosteroid having the most profound effect upon sodium metabolism is:
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
Total body water is subdivided into two compartments:
Definition
The extracellular fluid serving as a media for metabolic exchange and the intracellular fluid servings as a medium for metabolic reactions
Term
Increased concentrations of macromolecules in the plasma will result in
Definition
higher measured ion concentration even though plasma water ion concentrations and activity may be normal
Term
The effective osmotic pressure of plasma and the interstitial fluid across the capillary membrane is referred to as
Definition
Colloid Osmotic Pressure.
Term
Most often in water coupled with sodium loss dehydration involves a net negative balance in both water and sodium. In hypernatremic (hyperosmolar) dehydration:
Definition
water balance is more negative than sodium balance
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