Term
| Types of Validity of the Measures: Content |
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Definition
1. Content: is established if your measuring instrument samples from the areas of skill or knowledge that compose the variable)
2. Construct: (assess whether a measure fits theoretical expectations)
Predictive (Measure that can predict a criterion that will occur in the future)
3. Concurrent: (Measure responds to a criterion that is known concurrently). 4. Face: Refers to the degree to which our measuring instrument measures what we want to measure. |
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Term
| Main elements of Experimental Design: |
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Definition
| Random assignment and establishing causality. |
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Term
| Random assignment vs. random selection |
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Definition
| Grouping people randomly into groups vs. randomly pick participants in a sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| Definition: A particular measurement technique, when applied to the same object, would yield the dame result each time. (Split halves method, parallel-forms reliability, coefficient alpha) |
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Term
| Requirements for determining causality |
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Definition
(1) Cause (IV) must precede the effect (DV) in time.
(2) The 2 variables are empirically correlated with one another.
(3) The observed empirical correlation between the 2 variables cannot be due to the influence of a third variable that causes the 2 under construction. |
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Term
| Single-System Evaluation Design – strengths and weaknesses |
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Definition
| Chief limitation is dubious external validity. Strength is high internal validity. |
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Term
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Definition
a. Correlational – Cross sectional studies, case control studies, longitudinal studies.
b. pre-experimental pilot – 1 shot case study, one group pretest/posttest design, posttest only design with nonequivalent groups
c. quasi –experimental – simple time series (no comparison group) and multiple time series (Experimental and nonequivalent comparison group)
d. experimental – characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
a. non-probability– types and characteristics. Reliance on available subjects, purposive or judgmental sampling, quota sampling and snowball sampling.
b. probability – types and characteristics. Must do random selection. Simple random sampling, systematic sampling and stratified sampling. |
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Term
| Obtrusive vs. unobtrusive measures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more or less than 3, more than 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| (Depends on the extent to which the 3 criteria for causality are met & Determines whether or not causal inferences can be drawn from the results |
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Term
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Definition
Determines generalizability
Refers to the extent that we can generalize the findings of a study to other settings and larger populations than those represented in the study.
Influenced by: Representativeness of sample, setting, and procedures
Ambiguity or vagueness in reporting study results in the literature |
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Term
| Threats to Internal Validity |
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Definition
| History, Maturation, Testing, instrumentation changes, statistical regression, selection bias, ambiguity regarding the direction of causal inference |
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Term
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Definition
| there is a good chance that we are right in finding that a relationship exists between two variables. |
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