Term
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Definition
| Eggshell fx, Spiders out, pinpoint, possible penitrating fx, possible CSF leak |
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Term
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Definition
| Broken into the skull, can puncture the meningies, CSF can leak, |
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Term
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Definition
| on the inside : racoons eyes- anterior fossa, sharp causes vascular damage and blood settles under the eyes, usualy needs more force, |
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Term
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Definition
| middle fossa: your going to get brusing behand the ears. |
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Term
| Where CSF fluid comes out, and what test do we do on it? |
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Definition
| Nose or ear, check for Halo sign, can check with litmas paper or PH paper |
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Term
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Definition
| brusing on back of the neck, cranial nerve deficits |
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Term
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Definition
| Will be @ the site where it was hit, stretching, shearing, rotational and tearing |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical force of short duration resulting in failure of impulse conduction, may loose conciousness |
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Term
| Symptoms of frontal lobe damage |
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Definition
| Motor fx losses, Brocas speach senter on dominant side, voluntary eye movement, current sensory data, past information and experiance, responce to situations, behavior based on judgement and forsight, long-term goals,reasonining, concintration, abstraction |
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Term
| Symptoms of parietal lobe damage |
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Definition
| understanding sensation, texture, size, shape, and spacial relationships, spacial preception, processing the non-verba, music, body position awareness, taste impulses for interpretation |
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Term
| Symptoms of temporal lobe damage |
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Definition
| auditory center for sound interpretation, complicated memory patturns, wernikes area for speech, |
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Term
| Symptoms of occipital lobe damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| emotinal, and visceral patterns connected with survival, learning and memory |
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Term
| Treatment for ischemic stroke |
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Definition
| Removing the clott, most are thrombotic or embolic, |
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Term
| Treatment for hemmoragic stroke |
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Definition
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Term
| What are people with herpies type one sucepptable to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nursing managment for encehphalitis? |
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Definition
| no abx, give aclovere, vireg, progresses very quickly, neurosurgical s.s4-6 days after |
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Term
| Symptoms of bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
| High fevers, hiped up flu, |
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Term
| Diagnosing bacterial menengitis |
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Definition
| CSF test for bacteria, soar neck/back |
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Term
| Nursing and medical tx for brain abcess |
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Definition
| Antiepliptic, surgical drainage if abcesse or crainiotomy, use ABX, monitor labs (cbc, can be normal if encapsulated), pt teaching, can be caused by traumatic brain injury, |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical ventilation; assisted cough |
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Term
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Definition
| Potential for spontaneous ventilation; assisted cough |
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Term
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Definition
| Spontaneous vent assisted cough, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Resperatory fx for T2-T10 |
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Definition
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Term
| Resperatory fx For T11-L2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for C1-C3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for C4 |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for C5 |
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Definition
| Self feeding with adaptive equiptment, self dsg upperbody dependent with lower |
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for C6 |
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Definition
| Independnt with adaptive equiptment independent with upper, assistance with lower |
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for c7 |
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Definition
| Independent with adaptive equiptment, potential for indupendence with adaptive equiptment |
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for C8-T11 |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for T2-T10 |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for T11-L2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding & Dressing for L3-S3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Bowel and bladder Cut-off point from dependent to independent: |
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Definition
| C6 is potential for independenc with orthoses or adapteve equiptment C7 independent, C5 Dependant |
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Term
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Definition
| Power wheelchair with respiratory controll, dependent wheelchair transfers |
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Term
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Definition
| Power wheelchair with chin controll, dependent transfers |
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Term
| Anterior fassa is what sign? |
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Definition
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Term
| Middle fassa of middle fassa damage? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Brusing @ the base of the neck, cranial nerve deficits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Result of coup and coup and contraecoup injury accompanied by brusing and generalized hemmorage in the brain tisue, traumatic lasceration may occur @ direct site of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Power wheelchair with hand controll, dependent transfers |
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Term
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Definition
| Manual wheelchair for short distances, potential for independent transfers with sliding board |
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Term
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Definition
| Manual wheelchair, independant transfers |
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Term
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Definition
| manual wheelchair, independent transfers |
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Term
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Definition
| Indoor ambulation with orthoses, manual wheelchair for outdoor use |
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Term
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Definition
| Community ambulation wioth ortheosis |
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Term
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Definition
| When you get hit on top of your head and churnches the sp inal colomn, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Front where th einjry is, damage to gray/white matter of SC and usually as a result of decreased blood supply. Motor function, pain and temperature sensation are lost with decreased level of injury. But touch, position and vibration remain in tact. 50% of patients are over 40 yo. |
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Term
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Definition
| Back, where the injruy is, damage from grey/white matter. Motor function remains in tact but clients experience a loss of vibratory senses , crude touch and position sensation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Half of the spinal cord injured. Caused by penetrating injuries causing hemisectioning of SC or injury that affects 1/2 of the spinal cord. Motor function, proprioception, vibration and deep touch not felt on one side of body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where damage happnes.Lesions of central portion of SC loss of motor function is more pronounced in upper extremeities than in lower extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cspine precautions, ABC's, very high doses of corticosteroids for 24 hours, Get CT after ABC's, |
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Term
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Definition
| happens right after injury, disruption of communication pathwyas, flacid peralicis, can last days to months, get hypotension and b radycardia, diaphoreis,is acute and transient, and involves sensorimotor dysfunction that develops at any level. immediate flaccidity, paralysis, and loss of all sensation and reflex activity below the level of injury in an acute spinal cord injury (SCI) |
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Term
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Definition
| Similare to spinal shock, S/S are the same, for first 24hours, most ofting with cervical damage,nvolves hemodynamic instability – bradycardia and decreased SVR, and is associated with injuries above T6. disruption of sympathetic fibers leading to vasodilatation & hypotension; occurs with high thoracic, cervical spine, and profound brain injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| Toes kinked, bradycardia, diophoresis, hypertension, check your bladder, MEDICAL EMERGENCY!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a bleed in the space, epidural, |
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Term
| Difference between a concussion, contusion and diffuse axonal injury |
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Definition
| Concussion is when axons are damaged, can have memory loss, RAS syndrome, (allertness LOC stuff), Contusion is brusing of the brain, can see it on a cat scan sometiems, most result from arterial bleeding, inflammation and increased ICP can occur, READ THE ARTICLE!, DAI widespread damage, white matter damage, vegitative state,disruption from neurons, is where they are brokenand you cant recover from this one. (usualy related to high spead, axons in white matter destroyed, Coma, most require LTC) |
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Term
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Definition
| Global injury.widespread white matter axonal damage secndary to tearing and shearing forces. disrupts axons in cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon and brainstem |
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Term
| Low velecity penitrating injury |
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Definition
| Knife wounds or sharp objects |
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Term
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Definition
| Gunshots, pathways multipul and shockwaves occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidural, subdural, intracerbral |
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Term
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Definition
| Linear fx ofo temporal bone an tear in middle meningeal artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Surface vein torn around cortex. Acute 48hr, Subacute 2d-2wks, chronic 2wks to several months |
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Term
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Definition
| Cant get to it, very deep, cant do much about it. |
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Term
| What are secondary brain injruies? |
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Definition
| results of hypoxemia, increased ICP, edema,hypotension, anemia, hypermetabolic state, infection, F+E imbalance, |
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Term
| What are all the posturing? |
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Definition
| Spontaneous, localization, withdraw, decorticate, decerbrate, flaccid |
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Term
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Definition
| move to remove noxious stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| flexion of stimuli recevind noxious stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| FLEXION, leasions of midbrain near thalamus or cerebral hemisphears(fetal position) |
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Term
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Definition
| Extension, leasions in brainstem, disfunction of brain stem, is like a ballareana |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is CSF fluid displaced in the compensatory mechanism? |
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Definition
| into the spinal subarachnoid space |
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Term
| Where is blood displaced in the compensatory mechinism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Totalvolume of brain is constant, any increase results in increased ICP, one component can be compensated for by a decrease in the volume of one or both of the other two component |
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Term
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Definition
| MAP-ICP, 70-80mmhhg below this ischemi occurs, Usualy maintainted with autoregulation, but with pathology cant- so HTN increases CBF and hypotension causing ischemia and both cause ICP. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PaO2, H+, and espicaly PacO2, |
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Term
| PacO2 increasing in the brain causes what |
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Definition
| cerebral blood vessels dilate,, increased blood flow, increased cerebral blood vol and ICP. |
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Term
| S/S INcreased intercranial Pressure |
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Definition
Headache
Decreased LOC
Neuro problems & behavior changes
Seizures
Vomiting
First sign being decreased LOC |
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Term
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Definition
| Coma is produced by either 1.) bilateral hemisphere damage or suppression by means of hypoxia, hypoglycemia, drugs or toxinsk or 2) A brain stem lesion or metabolic derangement that damages or suppresses the reticular actvivating system (RAS). |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding in the brain, (intra axial or extra axial) first sign is a SUDDEN headache |
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Term
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Definition
| blood filled weakenings of blood vessel walls, most often @ the circle of willies, |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA watter on the brain, abnormal accumulation of CSF in ventricles, |
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Term
|
Definition
| Corticosteroid, long acting. ACTION: Decreases inflammation by suppression if migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts, reversal of increased capillary permeability. USES: inflammation, allergies, neoplasms, cerebral edema, septic shock. SE: seizuresm, circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, embolism, GI hemorrhage, pacreatitis, thrombocytopenia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diuretic, osmotic, Hexahydric alcohol. ACTION: increases osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, which inhibits reabsorption of water and lytes and increases urine output. USES: edema, cerebral edema, acute renal failure. SE: seizures, rebound increase ICP, tachy, CHR circulatory overload. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anticonvulsant, antidysrhythmic. ACTION: inhibits spread of seizure activity in motor cortex by altering ion tranport. USES: seizure, status epilepticus, bell's palsy. SE: Vfib, hepatitis, nephritis, lupus, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. |
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Term
| Pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) |
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Definition
| Sedative/hypnotic barbituate, anticonvulsant, anesthetic agent. Short acting. ACTION: depresses activity in brain cells, selectively depresses neurons in posterior hypothalamus. USES: insomnia, sedation, preoperative med, increaed ICP status epilepticus. SE: CNS depression, hepatic injury, agranulocytosis. thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia, resp dep, apnea, broncho/laryngospams., |
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Term
| Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) |
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Definition
Neuromuscular blocker (nondepolorizing) ACTION: inhibits transmission of nerver impulses by binding with cholinergic receptor sites, antagonizing action of acetylcholine. USES: facilitation of ET placement, skeletal muscle relaxation. SE: prolonged apnea, bronchospam, cyanosis, resp dep, anaphylaxis. |
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Term
| Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) |
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Definition
Corticosteroid, immediate acting. ACTION: Decreases infammationsame as Decadron. USES: severe inflammation, shock, adrenal insuff, management of acute SCI, MS.
SE: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitits, embolism, GI bleed, Thrombocytopenia. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the arachnoid and pia mater of the brain and spinal cord and CSF. Organisms enter CNS via bloodstream; may be result of penetrating trauma, surgery or ruptured cerebral abscess, otorrhea or rhinorrhea and organisms are present in the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute inflammation of the brain tissue and often the meninge |
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Term
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Definition
| abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) |
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Definition
| degenerative neurological disorder (brain disease) that is very rare, incurable, and invariably fatal. Although CJD is the most common human prion disease, it is still rare, occurring in about one out of every one million people every year. (vCJD), which occurs in younger people. |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to cord, usually due to trauma, that leads to paraplegia or quadriplegia |
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Term
| 2 most common etiologies for cerebral edema |
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Definition
| cytotoxic, caused by hypoxia and hypo-osmolarity, May be due to CVA, cardiac arrest, asphyxiation, water intoxication, hyponatremia, and SIADH secreation. AND vasogenic cerrebral edema due to breakdonw in blood brain barrier which may occur from brain tumor, head injury, meningitis or abcesses. |
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Term
| What sign do wee look for witht he oculocephalic reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| What sign to wee look for with the Oculovestibular reflex? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What assesments for brain? |
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Definition
Glascow Coma Scale (GCS)
VS - late change, respiratory may be first
Cushing’s reflex – late sign - ICP, sBP, widened pulse pressure and bradycardia
ICP monitoring
Hemodynamic monitoring
Cerebral oxygenation monitoring SjO2 or direct analysis
Transcutaneous doppler monitoring
Evoked potential monitoring
On-going repeated assessments
Not just what the monitor is saying – what is the patient doing clinically |
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