Term
| Describe skin as an organ and its functions |
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Definition
*protection of underlying tissue from external injury and prevent infections.
*acts as an insulator to assist in thermal regulation
*Epithelial tissue surrounds body organs
*Skin provides sensory info., temp regulation via sweat glands, aids in fluid balance and metabolizes Vit. D |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial layer of integumentory system. Cells are avascular. Protects against infection. Contains melanocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
Middle layer of integumentary system.
*Papillary Dermis: loose connective tissue that locks the epidermis to the dermis. Contains capillaries and nerve endings. Provides epidermis with nourishment.
*Reticular: thick collagen and elastic fibers. Contains roots of hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and receptor nerve endings. |
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Term
| Hypodermis/ subcutaneous tissue |
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Definition
| a layer of adipose tissue under the dermis. Large blood vessels. |
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Term
| Role of epithelial in other organs and tissues? |
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Definition
| Cover the internal surfaces of hollow organs, like the digestive tube, airway, renal tubules, ureters, bladder, the urethra and the blood vessel, glands and serous membranes. Perform covering, impermeability and protection. Made possible by the absence of space between cells. |
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Term
| What is the function of desmosomes and interdigitations? |
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Definition
| Specialized structures for cell adhesion. Keep the epithelial cells compactly positioned side by side. Necessary bc the epidermal tissues are exposed to an exterior surround and so they need resistance to permeability. As we age these become looser. |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, steam or hot objects. Smoke produced can lead to pulmonary issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| acids or caustic agents. tissue contact, ingestion, inhalation or injection of strong acids, alkalis, or organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| electricity exposure or lightening, entry and exit point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunburn, industrial or therapeutic nuclear radiation exposure. |
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Term
| What purpose do the Rule of 9s and the Lund-Browder formula serve? |
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Definition
| Severity of burns. Rule of 9s is the body divided into anatomical sections of 9% or multiples of 9% of the TBSA. Lund-Browder modifies the body segments by age to provide a more accurate estimate of burn size. |
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Term
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Definition
Tissue: Epidermis
Appearance: Erythema, dry
Sensation: painful
Course: 3-7 days |
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Term
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Definition
Tissues: epidermis and dermis
Appearance: blisters, wet
Sensation: painful
Course: 14-21 days |
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Term
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Definition
Tissues: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
Appearance:variable tissue exposed
Sensation: no pain
Course:eschar, 2-3wk grafts |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased capillary permeability, increased blood pressure, and low blood volume can lead to shock if IV fluids are not administered. Fluid levels and shock can also lead to renal failure. |
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Term
| Pathologies: Cardiovascular |
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Definition
| Release of vasoactive substances (catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes, prostaglandins) cause increased capillary permeability, increased blood pressure, tachycardia with low blood volume, hypovolemia cause shock and death |
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Term
| Pathologies: Renal and GI |
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Definition
Renal: oliguria (low urine output), renal failure.
GI: paralytic ileus (intestinal obstruction), stress induced gastric ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrolyte imbalance: CNS, confusion, seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| ARDS (resp. distress syn.), pneumonia, tachypnea, dyspnea. |
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Term
| Pathologies: Peripheral vascular |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathologies: Electrical burns |
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Definition
| heat is generated as electricity travels through the body, resulting in internal tissue damage. Alternating current is more damaging than direct bc it is associated with cardiopulmonary arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and tetanic muscle contractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins at the time of injury and concludes with the restoration of capillary permeability, usually 48 to 72 hours following injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins when the person is hemodynamically stable, capillary permeability is restored and duiresis has begun. Continues until wound closure is achieved. |
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Term
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Definition
| often overlaps with acute and lasts well beyond the period of hospitalization. This phase focuses on gaining independence through achievement of maximal functional recovery. |
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Term
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Definition
| scarring can cause permanent imparment of movement and function and cause disfigurement. Children and African Americans have more collagen and thus hypertrophic scarring is worse. Older caucasians have less collagen with less keloid scarring. |
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Term
| Medical management for minor burns |
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Definition
| Debridement of loose nonviable tissue, tropical antimoicrobial creams or ointment, sterile dressing and blister management |
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Term
| Medical management for major bruns |
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Definition
| life saving procedures, Emergent: ABC--airway, breathing, circulation, balance of electrolytes and restore fluids. |
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Term
| Bioengineered temporary grafts |
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Definition
| Minimize fluid and protein loss and reduce pain. These grafts are allografts (donor tissue), xenografts (pig skin) and biosynthetic (collagen and synthetics) |
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Term
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Definition
| person's own skin is used to treat full thickness burns. Skin graft may be fenestrated to cover up to 3-x the surface area. |
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Term
| PT management during Acute phase |
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Definition
| positioning, ambulation, maintaining active range of motion except during immobilization. Monitor vital signs (oxygen, blood pressure, oxygen saturation), be alert to complication-ileus, respiratory distress, infection and impaired circulation. Mindful of laboratory values especially for full thickness burns w/ electrolyte imbalance & chance in mental status. |
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Term
| Acute: hydrotherapy and pulsed lavage |
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Definition
Hydrotherapy limited to 30 min. with water temp. 98-102 degrees less often used bc of bacteria growth at that temp.
Pulsed lavage with suction for irrigation and debridement to treat the wound w/o disturbing the graft. TREATMENT THAT CAN CAUSE PAIN SHOULD COINCIDE WITH PAIN MEDICATION. |
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Term
| PT management during Rehab phases |
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Definition
| Prolonged stretching, use of elastic garments to minimize scarring, splinting & orothoses to maintain range. Gait training, ambulation, reconditioning, ADLs. |
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