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Quiz 1
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86
Management
Undergraduate 3
02/09/2009

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Term
Management
Definition
The planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling of human and other
resources to achieve organizational
goals effectively and efficiently
Term
4 aspects of management
Definition
planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling
Term
Organizations
Definition
Collections of people who work together
and coordinate their actions to achieve a
wide variety of goals
Term
managers resources?
Definition
people, skills, knowhow,
machinery, raw materials,
computers and IT,
and financial capital
Term
Organizational Performance
Definition
A measure of how efficiently and
effectively managers use organizational
resources to satisfy customers and
achieve goals
Term
Efficiency
Definition
A measure of how well or productively
resources are used to achieve a goal
Term
Planning
Definition
Process of identifying and selecting
appropriate goals and courses of action
Term
Steps in the planning process

Deciding how to allocate
organizational resources

Deciding what courses of action to
adopt

Deciding which goals to pursue
Definition
1. Deciding which goals to pursue
2. Deciding what courses of action to
adopt
3. Deciding how to allocate
organizational resources
Term
Strategy
Definition
cluster of decisions about what goals to
pursue, what actions to take, and how
to use resources to achieve goals (used for Planning)
Term
Organizing
Definition
structuring working relationships in a
way that allows organizational members
to interact and cooperate to achieve
organizational goals
Term
Organizational Structure
Definition
A formal system of task and reporting
relationships that coordinates and
motivates organizational members so
that they work together to achieve
organizational goals
Term
Leading
Definition
Articulating a clear vision and energizing
and enabling organizational members so
they understand the part they play in
attaining organizational goals
Term
Controlling
Definition
Evaluating how well an organization is
achieving its goals and taking action to
maintain or improve performance
Term
The outcome of the control process?
Definition
the ability to measure performance
accurately and regulate efficiency
and effectiveness
Term
Department
Definition
A group of people who work together
and possess similar skills or use the
same knowledge, tools, or techniques to
perform their jobs
Term
First line managers
Definition
Responsible for the daily supervision of
non-managerial employees
Term
Middle managers
Definition
Supervise first-line managers and is
responsible for finding the best way to
use resources to achieve organizational
goals
Term
Top managers
Definition
establish organizational goals, decide
how departments should interact, and
monitor the performance of middle
managers
Term
who spends most time planning?
Definition
top managers
Term
who spends most time leading?
Definition
first-line managers
Term
Three managerial skills?
Definition
Conceptual skills
Human skills
Technical skills
Term
Conceptual skills?
Definition
The ability to analyze and diagnose a
situation and distinguish between cause
and effect.
Term
Human skills?
Definition
The ability to understand, alter, lead, and
control the behavior of other individuals
and groups.
Term
Technical skills
Definition
The specific knowledge and techniques
required to perform an organizational role.
Term
Core competency??
Definition
Technical skills. Specific set of skills, abilities, and
experiences that allows one organization
to outperform its competitors
Term
Two recent changes in MGT prcatices?
Definition
Restructuring and outsourcing
Term
Restructuring
Definition
downsizing an organization by
eliminating the jobs of large numbers of
top, middle, or first-line managers and
non-managerial employees
Term
Outsourcing
Definition
contracting with another company,
usually in a low cost country abroad, to
perform an activity the company
previously performed itself

Promotes efficiency by reducing costs
and allowing an organization to make
better use of its remaining resources
Term
Empowerment
Definition
Expansion of employees’ knowledge,
tasks, and decision-making
responsibilities
Term
Self-managed team
Definition
a group of employees with the
responsibility for organizing, controlling,
and supervising their own activities and
for monitoring the quality of the goods
and services they provide
Term
Challenges for Management in
a Global Environment??
Definition
Rise of Global Organizations.
Maintaining Ethical and Socially
Responsible Standards.
Managing a Diverse Workforce.
Practicing Global Crisis Management.
Building a Competitive Advantage.
Hyper Rate of Change in the
Environment.
Term
Global organizations
Definition
organizations that operate and compete
in more than one country
Term
Competitive advantage
Definition
Ability of one organization to outperform
other organizations because it produces
desired goods or services more
efficiently and effectively than they do
Term
building blocks of competitive advantage
Definition
Efficiency, quality, innovation and responsiveness to customers all pointing at competitive advantage
Term
Innovation
Definition
process of creating new or improved
goods and services or developing better
ways to produce or provide them
Term
Crisis management involves making
important choices about how to:
Definition
1. Create teams to facilitate rapid
decision making and communication
2. Establish the organizational chain of
command
3. Recruit and select the right people
4. Develop bargaining and negotiating
strategies to manage conflicts
Term
Enduring
Definition
tendencies to feel, think, and act
in certain ways that can be used to
describe the personality of every individual
Term
Extraversion
Definition
Tendency to experience positive emotions
and moods and feel good about oneself and
the rest of the world

–Managers high in extraversion tend to be
sociable, affectionate, outgoing and friendly
–Managers low in extraversion tend to be less
inclined toward social interaction and have a
less positive outlook
Term
Negative affectivity
Definition
Tendency to experience negative emotions
and moods, feel distressed, and be critical of
oneself and others
Term
Agreeableness
Definition
–Tendency to get along well with others
–Managers high in agreeableness are likable,
affectionate and care about others
–Managers with low agreeableness may be
distrustful, unsympathetic, uncooperative and
antagonistic
Term
Conscientiousness
Definition
–Tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and
persevering
–Managers high in this trait are organized and
self-disciplined
–Managers low in this trait lack direction and
self-discipline
Term
Openness to Experience
Definition
–Tendency to be original, have broad interests,
be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring
and take risks
Term
Openness to Experience
Definition
–Tendency to be original, have broad interests,
be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring
and take risks
Term
Internal locus of control
Definition
Tendency to locate responsibility for one’s fate
within oneself
Own actions and behaviors are major and
decisive determinants of job outcomes
Term
External locus of control
Definition
Tendency to locate responsibility for one’s
own fate in outside forces and to believe that
one’s own behavior has little impact on
outcomes
Term
Self-Esteem
Definition
The degree to which people feel good about
themselves and their capabilities.
High self-esteem causes a person to feel
competent, and capable.
Persons with low self-esteem have poor
opinions of themselves and their abilities.
Term
Self-Esteem
Definition
The degree to which people feel good about
themselves and their capabilities.
High self-esteem causes a person to feel
competent, and capable.
Persons with low self-esteem have poor
opinions of themselves and their abilities.
Term
Need for Achievement
Definition
The extent to which an individual has a strong
desire to perform challenging tasks well and to
meet personal standards for excellence
Term
Need for Affiliation
Definition
The extent to which an individual is concerned
about establishing and maintaining good
interpersonal relations, being liked, and
having other people get along
Term
Need for Power
Definition
The extent to which an individual desires to
control or influence others
Term
Five components of emotional intelligence
Definition
Self Management: Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation
Managing Relationship: Empathy, Social skill
Term
self-awareness
Definition
The ability to recognize
and understand your
moods, emotions, and
drives, as well as their
effect on others.

Self-confidence
• Realistic self-assessment
• Self-deprecating sense of
humor
Term
self regulation
Definition
The ability to control or
redirect disruptive
impulses and moods.
• The propensity to suspend
judgment—to think before
acting.

Trustworthiness and
integrity
• Comfort with ambiguity
• Openness to change
Term
motivation
Definition
A passion to work for
reasons that go beyond

Strong drive to achieve
• Optimism, even in the
face of failure
• Organizational commitment
commitment
money or status.
• A propensity to pursue
goals with energy and
persistence.
Term
Empathy
Definition
• The ability to understand
the emotional makeup of
other people.
• Skill in treating people
according to their
emotional reactions.

Expertise in building and
retaining talent
• Cross-cultural sensitivity
• Service to clients and
customers
Term
Social Skill
Definition
• Proficiency in managing
relationships and building
networks.
• An ability to find common
ground and build rapport.

• Effectiveness in leading
change
• Persuasiveness
• Expertise in building and
leading teams
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
• A comparison of causes for positive and
negative outcomes for yourself and for
others
Term
Values
Definition
–Describe what managers (people) try to achieve
through work and how they think they should
behave.
Term
Attitudes
Definition
–Capture managers’ thoughts and feelings about
(things like) their specific jobs and organizations.

A collection of feelings and beliefs
Term
Moods and Emotions
Definition
Encompass how managers (people) actually feel
when they are managing.
Term
Terminal Values
Definition
A lifelong goal or objective that an individual
seeks to achieve

signify what an organization and its
employees are trying to accomplish
Term
Terminal Values
Definition
A lifelong goal or objective that an individual
seeks to achieve
Term
Instrumental Values
Definition
–A mode of conduct that an individual seeks to
follow Usually adjective

guide the ways in which the organization and
its members achieve organizational goals
Term
Norms
Definition
informal rules of conduct for behaviors
considered important by most members of a
group or organization.
Term
Value System
Definition
The terminal and instrumental values that are
guiding principles in an individual’s life.
Term
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Definition
Behaviors that are not required of
organizational members but that contribute to
and are necessary for organizational
efficiency, effectiveness, and gaining a
competitive advantage
Term
Organizational Commitment
Definition
The collection of feelings and beliefs that
managers and employees have about their
organization as a whole
Term
Mood
Definition
–A feeling or state of mind
Term
Emotion
Definition
Intense, relatively short-lived feelings
Term
Organizational Culture
Definition
Shared set of beliefs, expectations, values,
norms, and work routines that influence how
members of an organization relate to one
another and work together to achieve
organizational goals

culture can vary from
organization to organization, national culture
can vary across nations.

Organizational culture is analogous to an
organization’s personality
Term
Attraction-Selection-Attrition Framework
Definition
A model that explains how personality may
influence organizational culture.

Founders of firms tend to hire employees
whose personalities that are to their own.
Term
4 factors that maintain and transmit organizational culture
Definition
1. values of the founder
2. socialization
3. ceremonies and rites
4. stories and language
Term
Organizational socialization
Definition
Process by which newcomer’s learn an
organization’s values and norms and acquire
the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs
effectively
Term
Ceremonies and Rites
Definition
Formal events that recognize incidents of
importance to the organization as a
whole and to specific employees
 Rites of passage
 Rites of integration
 Rites of enhancement
7-44
Ceremonies and Rites
• Rites of Passage
–determine how individuals enter, advance
within, or leave the organization
(e.g., induction and basic training)
• Rites of Integration
–build and reinforce common bonds
Term
Rites of Passage
Definition
determine how individuals enter, advance
within, or leave the organization
(e.g., induction and basic training)
Term
Rites of Integration
Definition
build and reinforce common bonds among
organizational members
(e.g., office holiday party)
Term
Rites of Enhancement
Definition
–let organizations publicly recognize and
reward employees’ contributions and thus
strengthen their commitment to organizational
values (e.g., annual awards ceremonies)
Term
Stories and Language
Definition
Stories reveal behaviors that are valued by the
organization
• Includes how people dress, the offices they
occupy, the cars they drive, and the degree of
formality they use when they address one
another
• Organizational Culture will influence how a
manager performs the four managerial functions
(planning, organizing, leading & controlling)
Term
Motivation
Definition
The psychological forces that determine
=the direction of a person’s behavior in an organization,
=a person’s level of effort, and
=a person’s level of persistence
Term
Intrinsically Motivated Behavior
Definition
Behavior that is performed for its own sake (i.e., things one likes to do, things that are inherent and consistent with one’s values and culture. One may enjoy engaging in the behavior or value the sense of accomplishment)
Term
Extrinsically Motivated Behavior
Definition
Behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment
Term
Theories of Motivation
Definition
Expectancy Theory
Need Theories
Equity Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Learning Theories
Term
Major Factors of Motivation
Expectancy
Definition
the belief that effort (input) will result in a certain level of performance
Term
Major Factors of Motivation
Instrumentality
(expectancy theory)
Definition
the belief that performance results in the attainment of outcomes
Term
Major Factors of Motivation
Valence (expectancy theory)
Definition
how desirable each of the available outcomes from the job is to a person
Term
List Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order

safety
belongingness
physiological
esteen
self-actualization
Definition
1. self actualization -use abilities to the fullest

2. esteem - feel good about oneself, promotion and recognition

3. belongingness - social interaction, love, interpersonal relations

4. safety - security, stability, job secutiy health insurance

5. physiological - food, water, shelter, basic pay level
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