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| _____ release the torsional stress in DNA coils. |
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| _____ is a chemotherapeutic agent by acting against topoitomerases. |
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| The genome of retroviruses consists of DNA/RNA. |
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| Protein coding (mRNA), Noncoding (tRNA, rRNA, sRNA) |
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| _____ does not require a primer for copying DNA to RNA. |
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| Transcription of genes is tightly controlled by specific proteins called ____. |
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| Translation begins with ____, the initiation codon and ends with ____, ___, or ____, the stop codons. |
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| How cells acquire, transform, store, and use energy, as well as how they synthesize biomolecules. |
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| ____ can be anaerobic or aerobic and leads to the degradation of biomolecules. |
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| ____ is the use of ATP for synthesis of biomolecules, transport across membranes, electrical work, and mechanical work. |
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| Types of metabolic reactions |
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| Redox, group transfer, hydrolysis, nonhydrolytic cleavange, phosphorolysis, isomerization, covalent bond formation |
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| Energy that is irreversibly lost |
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| Qirreversible/T is about chaos and randomness (S, entropy) something that we cannot control |
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| The products have less energy than the reactants. |
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| When is a reaction favorable, in terms of dG? |
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| Which are higher in energy? Phosphate donors or acceptors? |
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| ___ is the major pathway for breaking down glucose for energy production. |
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| The inner/outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to small molecules. |
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| The ______ complex bridges glycolysis to the TCA cylce |
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