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Quick Compendium Blood Bank
Blood Bank
171
Pathology
Graduate
08/26/2013

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Term

Donor Criteria

Temperature?

Pulse?

Blood pressure?

Hb and Hct?

Skin?

Definition

Donor Criteria

Temperature? No more than 37.5 (99.5)

Pulse? 50-100 (unless athlete)

Blood pressure? 180/110 max

Hb and Hct? 12.5,38% allogenic; 11,33% autologous

Skin?Free of lesions

Term

Deferral Times

1.Viral hepatitis after 11th bday?

2.Pregnancy?

3.Parenteral Drug use stigmata?

4.FH of Creutzfeld Jacob disease?

5.Hx syphilis or gonorrhea, tx, or + syphilis screening test?

6.Recept of blood prodcuts, human tissue, or plasma derived clostting fx?

Definition

Deferral

1.Viral hepatitis after 11th bday? Indefinite

2.Pregnancy? 6 weeks postpartum

3.Parenteral Drug use stigmata? Indefinite

4.FH of Creutzfeld Jacob disease? Indefinite

5.Hx syphilis or gonorrhea, tx, or + syphilis screening test? 12 months after tx completion

6.Receipt of blood prodcuts, human tissue, or plasma derived clotting fx? 12 months

Term

Deferral times

1. Receipt of dura mater or pituitatry GH human origin?

2.Aspirin?

3.Recent blood donation

4.Toxoids, synthetic or killed vacinnes: anthrax, cholera, diphtheria, hep A, hep B, influencza, lyme, paratypohiod, pertussis, plague, pneumococcal polysaccharide, polio -Salk, rabies, RMSF, tetatnus, typhoid (injxn)?

Definition

Deferral times

1. Receipt of dura mater or pituitatry GH human origin? Indefinite

2.Aspirin? 36 hours

3.Recent blood donation? 8 wks whole blood; 16 wks for 2 unit red cell apheresis; 72 h autologous, >48 for plasma, platelet, leukopheresis

4.Toxoids, synthetic or killed vacinnes: anthrax, cholera, diphtheria, hep A, hep B, influencza, lyme, paratypohiod, pertussis, plague, pneumococcal polysaccharide, polio -Salk, rabies, RMSF, tetatnus, typhoid (injxn)? None (sx free)

Term

Deferral times

  1. Live attenuated viral and bacterial vacc (german measles and chicken pox (varicella)?
  2. Live attentuated viral and bacterial vacc: measles (Sabin oral), mumps, typhoid (oral), yellow fever?
  3. Smallpox vaccine (vaccinia)?
  4. Hepatitis B immune globulin?
  5. Confirmed + for HbsAg or repeatedly for anti HBc?
  6. + HCV infection?
Definition
  1. Live attenuated viral and bacterial vacc (german measles and chicken pox (varicella)? 4 weeks
  2. Live attentuated viral and bacterial vacc: measles (Sabin oral), mumps, typhoid (oral), yellow fever? 2 weeks
  3. Smallpox vaccine (vaccinia)? No complications - 21 days or till scab comes off; with, 14 d after resolution
  4. Hepatitis B immune globulin? 12 months
  5. Confirmed + for HbsAg or repeatedly for anti HBc? Indefnite
  6. + HCV infection? Indefinite
Term

Deferral times?

  1. HTLV 1 + infection?
  2. Previous donation where recipient got HIV or HTLV?
  3. Tattoo?
  4. Mucous membrane blood exposure?
  5. Nonsterile skin penetration?
  6. Sexual contact with person w/ viral hepatitis?
Definition
  1. HTLV 1 + infection? Indefinite
  2. Previous donation where recipient got HIV or HTLV? Indefinite
  3. Tattoo? 12 months
  4. Mucous membrane blood exposure? 12 months
  5. Nonsterile skin penetration? 12 months
  6. Residing with or Sexual contact with person w/ viral hepatitis? 12 months
Term

Deferral times

  1. In jail > 72 hours?
  2. Malaria? 
  3. Immigrants from malaria areas?
  4. Travelers to malaria areas?
  5. Travelers to variant Creutzfeld Jacob areas?
  6. Use of bovine insuline from UK?
Definition
  1. In jail > 72 hours? 12 months
  2. Malaria? 3 years after being asymptomatic
  3. Immigrants from malaria areas? 3 years
  4. Travelers to malaria areas? 12 months
  5. Travelers to variant Creutzfeld Jacob areas? Indefinite
  6. Use of bovine insuline from UK? Indefinite
Term

Deferral times

  1. Hx of babesiosis or Chagas?
  2. West nile virus?
  3. Stigmata of alcohol abuse?
  4. Finasteride (proscar, propecia?
  5. Dutasterid (avodart)?
  6. Isoretinoin (accutane)?
Definition
  1. Hx of babesiosis or Chagas? Indefinite
  2. West nile virus? 14 d after resolved, 28 after onset
  3. Stigmata of alcohol abuse? Exclude, no specific time
  4. Finasteride (proscar, propecia? 1 month
  5. Dutasterid (avodart)? 6 months
  6. Isoretinoin (accutane)? 1 month
Term

Deferral times

  1. Acitretin (soriatane)?
  2. Etretinate (tegison)?
  3. Receipt of $ or drugs for sex?
  4. Paying for sex?
Definition
  1. Acitretin (soriatane)? 3 years
  2. Etretinate (tegison)? Indefinite
  3. Receipt of $ or drugs for sex? Indefinite
  4. Paying for sex? 12 months
Term

Kidd Phenotype Frequencies

White             Black

  1. JK a+b-
  2. Jk a+b+
  3. Jk a-b+
  4. Jk a-b-
Definition

Kidd Phenotype Frequencies

White             Black

  1. JK a+b-           28                 57
  2. Jk a+b+          49                 34
  3. Jk a-b+           23                  9
  4. Jk a-b-             Rare              Rare
Term
Blood Group A Immunodominant Sugar Molecule?
Definition

Blood Group A Immunodominant Sugar Molecule?

 

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

(GalNAc)

Term
Which cells agglutinate most strongly with Ulex europaeus lectin?
Definition

Which cells agglutinate most strongly with Ulex europaeus lectin?


A2 and O


(The main blood groups agglutinate with the following relative strength with anti-H or Ulex lectin: O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B.)

Term
What ABH substances would be found in the saliva of a group B secretor?
Definition

What ABH substances would be found in the saliva of a group B secretor?


H and B


( if you are a secretor, you will have both H and B substance in secretions if you are group B.)

Term
Approximately what percentage of group A individuals could be further classified as subgroup A1?
Definition

Approximately what percentage of group A individuals could be further classified as subgroup A1?


80%

Term
Major difference between the A1 and A2 subgroups?
Definition

Major difference between the A1 and A2 subgroups?


Quantitative A1 RBCs have more A antigen than A2 RBCs


Some qualitativeA2 individuals can make anti-A1.  u clinically insignificant.

- The lectin of Dolichos biflorus only agglutinates RBCs containing A1 specificity,

-lectin of Ulex europaeusagglutinates RBCs with increased H antigen, like most A2 RBCs.

Term
Dosage most common with which blood groups?
Definition

Dosage most common with which blood groups?

 

Kidd, Duffy, Rh, MNS

 

[Some antibodies react more strongly with RBC antigens 

that have double-dose (homozygous) gene expression.]

Term
Enhanced Enzyme Classfication Blood Groups?
Definition

Enhanced Enzyme Classfication Blood Groups?

 

ABO related (ABO, H, Lewis, I system, P system)

Term
Decreased Enzyme Classfication Blood Groups?
Definition

Decreased Enzyme Classfication Blood Groups?

 

MNS

Duffy

Lutheran

Term
Unaffected Enzyme Classfication Blood Groups?
Definition

Unaffected Enzyme Classfication Blood Groups?

 

Kell

Diego

Colton

Term

Substances that neutralize red cell antibody?

ABO

 

Lewis

 

P1

 

Sda

 

Chido, Rodgers

Definition

Substances that neutralize red cell antibody?

ABO       Saliva (secetor)

 

Lewis     Saliva (secretor for Leb)

 

P1         Hydatid cyst fluid, Pidgeon egg whites

 

Sda       Human urine

 

Chido, Rodgers       Serum

Term

Lectin Specificity

Dolichos biflorus

 

Ulex Europaeus

 

Vicia gaminea

 

Arachis hypogea

 

Glycine Max

Salivea

Definition

Lectin Specificity

Dolichos biflorus  A1

 

Ulex Europaeus     H

 

Vicia gaminea        N

 

Arachis hypogea     T

 

Glycine Max          T, Tn

Saliva                Tn

Term

Group B sugar?

 

Definition
Galactose
Term
Infectious tests needed to be done on blood?
Definition

Infectious tests needed to be done on blood?

 

HbsAg, anti-HBc

Anti-HCV, HCV nucleic acid

anti-HTLV1, anti-HTLV 2

anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2, HIV nucleic acid

RPR

West nile virus (serology)

Term

Blood group carbohydrate antigens

 

Blood types

Naturally occuring?

Ig class?

React at room temp?

Immediate spin or AHG reaction?

Definition

Blood group carbohydrate antigens?

 

Blood types-ABO, Le, I, M, N, P

Naturally occuring?-Naturally occurring

Ig class?-IgM

React at room temp?-Yes

Immediate spin or AHG reaction?-  Immediate spin

 

[Agglutinating antibodes]

Term

Blood group protein antigens

 

Blood types?

Naturally occuring?

Ig class?

React at room temp?

Immediate spin or AHG reaction?

 

Definition

Blood group protein antigens

 

Blood types? Rh, Kidd,l Kell, S, s, Duffy (all others than carbohydrate Ag)

 

Naturally occuring? After exposure

Ig class? IgG

React at room temp?  37 C

Immediate spin or AHG reaction? AHG phase

 

Term
Which chromosome's genes code for A,B, O blood groups?
Definition
Chromosome 9
Term

H antigen (notes)

 

Definition

Made from type 1 and 2 precursor carbohydrate chains

 

In secretions, type I covertedto H antigen by enzymatic action (fucosylation) of the Se gene product.

 

In blood, type 2 chains converted to H antigen by fucosylation of the H gene product.

Term

ABO blood types in US

 

                        Whites                   Blacks

O

 

A

 

B

 

AB

Definition

ABO blood types in US

 

                        Whites                     Blacks

O                         45                          50

 

A                         40                          25

 

B                         10                          20

 

AB                        5                           5

Term
Clinically significant anti-A1 found in _% of A2 individuals, and _% of A2B individuals?
Definition
Clinically significant anti-A1 found in 5% of A2 individuals, and 35% of A2B individuals?
Term

Rh Nomenclature and Incidence

             Antigens            Whites             Blacks

 

R1         

 

R2         

 

R0          

 

Rz          

Definition

Rh Nomenclature and Incidence

             Antigens            Whites             Blacks

 

R1            DCe                   40                   15

 

R2            DcE                    10                   10

 

R0            Dce                    5                     45

 

Rz            DCE              rare(6% nat am)      rare

Term

Rh Nomenclature and Incidence

             Antigens            Whites             Blacks

 

r'             

 

r''         

 

r              

 

ry             

Definition

Rh Nomenclature and Incidence

             Antigens            Whites             Blacks

 

r'              dCe                   3                    3

 

r''             dcE                    2                   rare

 

r               dce                  40                    30

 

ry              dCE                  rare                 rare

Term
Weak D - What does it mean and how it is detected?
Definition

-weak D occurs when someone who is D + has a form of the D antigen that doesn’t lead to a visible reaction when anti-D is mixed with his red cells. This happens, MCly, due to mutations altering (but not necessarily eliminating) portions of the D antigen within the red cell membrane.

-Weak D red cells are proven to be D-+ when an IAT is performed. The IAT is done by incubating then washing the red cell:anti-D mixture and adding AHG to detect red cells that have been coated with antibody but not agglutinated.

-Weak D can also happen when a particular RHCE allele for the C antigen (specifically, RHCe) is present on the opposite chromosome to an RHD allele (as in the combination R0r’, also written as "Dce/dCe"). This has historically been known as the "C in trans" mechanism for weak D.

Term

A blood group: what % are A1 vs A2?

 

How can they distinguished?

 

Significant anti-A1 in what percentage of A2 people? of A2B people?

 

 

Definition

A blood group: what % are A1 vs A2?

80% vs 20%

 

 

How can they distinguished?

By anti-A1 reagant (from B individuals), or w/ Dolichos biflorus lectin (has anti-A1 activity)

 

Significant anti-A1 in what percentage of A2 people? of A2B people?

5% ; 35%

 

Term

RHD and RHCE gene loci on what xsome?

 

RHAG geen on what xome?

 

Most common white genotype? black genotype?

Definition

RHD and RHCE gene loci on what xsome?

1

 

RHAG gene on what xome?

6

 

 

Most common white genotype? black genotype?

R1/R1 or R1/r white

R0/R0 or R0/r in blacks

Term

Sources of weak D phenotype?

 

 

Cepelli effect?

Definition

Sources of weak D phenotype?

Quantitative - gene alteration to reduced expression. Does not result in loss of D antigen epitopes

(Alteration common in blacks, often w/ Dce haplotype)

 

Partial D: RBCs lack D antigen components (epitopes)


Cepelli effect: People w/ Dce/Ce genotype have weakened D expression due to the presence of the C allele situated trans (on the other homologous xsome) to D

Term

Rh null people lack _ and _ , and have weakened expression of _, _, and _ antigens.

 

 

Definition

Rh null people lack LW and Fy5 , and have weakened expression of S, s, and U antigens.

 

Term

How are Rh antigens affected by enzymes?

 

Intravascular vs Extravascular hemolysis?

 

 

 

Definition

How are Rh antigens affected by enzymes?

Enhanced

 

Intravascular vs Extravascular hemolysis?

Extravascular

 

 

 

Term
If anti-E is detected, presence of what else should be suspected and why?
Definition

anti-c

 

Most with anti-E have R1R1 phenotype (DCe,DCe) and got R2 blood (DcE). As a result, develop anti-E and too weak to detect anti-c (which is a common cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions)

 

Common practice to give c-E- blood to those with anti-E

Term

Kidd antigens- enzyme enhanced?

 

Class?

 

Dosage?

 

Which phase do they react?

Definition

Kidd antigens- enzyme enhanced?

Yes

 

Class?

Warm reacting IgG

 

Dosage?

Yes

 

Which phase do they react?

AHG phase

Term
Indications for plasma transfusion?
Definition

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TTP, HUS, HELLP)

Massive transfusion (MTP)

DIC

 

PT>1.7 prior to invasive procedure or multiple factor deficiences

 

Warfarin- rapid reversal w/ active bleeding or imminent procedure

 

Congenital or acquired (inhibitors) factor deficiency

 

Protein C, S deficiencies, or AT

Term

Lewis system: two precursor oligosaccharides

Type 1 found where?

Type 2?

 

Difference betwee i and I?

Definition

Type 1: Predominantly in secretions but also free in blood

 

Type 2: Only on the RBC surface

 

Branched type 1 and 2 are I antigens. In neonate, unbranched i antigen oligosacc predominate. Get progressively branched with age, and become I antigens. Adults mostly with I antigen.

Term
Le gene encodes what enzyme that does what?
Definition

Fucosyl transferase

 

Adds fucose to type 1 precursors both in secretions and free in serum. To make Lea antigen. 

 

Though Lewis antigens are synthesized on free type 1 precursor substance, it becomes passively adsorbed onto RBC surfaces. 

Term
In the United States, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) made from whole blood must be placed in the freezer within ___ after collection?
Definition
In the United States, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) made from whole blood must be placed in the freezer within 8 hours after collection?
Term
What factors are considered the most "labile" (rapidly degrading) coagulation factors in stored plasma?
Definition

What factors are considered the most "labile" (rapidly degrading) coagulation factors in stored plasma?


Factors V and VIII


(factor VII, while it degrades very rapidly in the body, is more stable in storage conditions)

Term
Which platelet product is commonly referred to as “random-donor” platelets?
Definition

Which platelet product is commonly referred to as “random-donor” platelets?


Whole blood-derived platelets (WBD-platelets)



[AD-platelets, which are commonly known as “single donor” platelets.]

Term
In the terminology of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which platelet product is formally known as “platelets”?
Definition
Whole blood-derived platelets
Term

Do platelets manufacture ATP?

 

What is the body's platelet growth factor?

 

Shape of unstimulated vs stimulated platelets?

 

What fraction of platelets sequestered in spleen?

Definition

Do platelets manufacture ATP?

Manufacture ATP via oxidative metabolism.

 

What is the body's platelet growth factor?

Thrombopoietin, a hepatic-derived substance

 

Shape of unstimulated vs stimulated platelets?

Simple, discoid shape, while stimulated platelets develop cytoplasmic projections known as filopods

 

What fraction of platelets sequestered in spleen?

1/3


 

Term

What HLA class present on platelets?

 

Group A or B more abundant on group AB platelet?

 

Are Rh antigens present on platelets?

Definition

What HLA class present on platelets?

Class I

 

Group A or B more abundant on group AB platelet?

Group A

 

Are Rh antigens present on platelets?
No


Term

Platelet alpha granules contain?

 

Dense granules?

 

Definition

Platelet alpha granules contain?

vWF, Factor V (cascade substrate),

Fibrinogen,

Protein S (inhibit coagulation),

PDGF (wound healing)

 

 

 

Dense granules?

ADP, serotonin, calcium

Term

Lewis phenotypes

                       White                        Black

Le a-b+

 

Le a+b-

 

Le a-b-

 

Le a+b+

Definition

Lewis phenotypes

                       White                        Black

Le a-b+              72                              55

 

Le a+b-              22                              22

 

Le a-b-                6                               23

 

Le a+b+             0                                 0

Term
Se gene functions?
Definition

Encodes a fucosyl transferase that adds fucose to type 1 precursor ONLY if Le gene product already acted on it (thus Leb made on Lea)

 

To make Leb, must have both Le and Se gene.

Term
% in Caucasians of K, Jka, E, s ?
Definition

% in Caucasians of K, Jka, E, s ?

 

K: 9%

Jka: 77%

E: 29%

s: 89%

Term
Number of units to test?
Definition
Number = Number needed / % compatible
Term
Ficin enzymes destroys which antigens?
Definition

Ficin enzymes destroys which antigens?

 

Fya

Fyb

M, N, S, s

Xga

Term

What does a negative autocontrol test indicate?

 

Definition

What does a negative autocontrol test indicate?

 

No autoantibodies present

Term
AHG Phase?
Definition

The last phases of testing serum and red cells for compatibility, most commonly in test tubes (the first two are the immediate spin and the 37C phases).

- In classic tube testing, the AHG phase occurs after the serum and red cells have undergone an incubation at 37C followed by a washing step. During this phase, anti-human globulin (yes, that's where "AHG" comes from) is added to the serum-red cell mix, and it agglutinates red cells that are coated with IgG antibody. This process is simply an indirect antiglobulin (Coombs) test, and it shows that there is an antibody present that is incompatible with the red cells present in the test tube. Most clinically significant antibodies will react at the AHG phase.

 

Term
Immediate Spin?
Definition

The first of the three  "phases" of testing serum and red cells for compatibility, most commonly in test tubes (the last two are the 37C and AHG phases).

-The term "immediate spin" refers to the fact that diluted red cells and patient serum or plasma are added to a test tube at room temperature, immediately centrifuged ("spun"), and then examined visually for agglutination. A positive immediate spin reaction can indicate ABO incompatibility between serum and RBCs (and this principle is used in the immediate spin crossmatch) or the presence of a "cold" or room-temperature reactive antibody.

Term

What does chloroquine do to RBCs?

 

Definition
Weaken HLA and Rh antigens on RBCs
Term
How is cyroprecipitated AHF prepared?
Definition

FFP left frozen fro 24 hours, then thawed in fridge till slush staged

Then centrifuged (4200 rpm) for 10 min

Supernatant plasma removed

Cryo then frozen at stored at -18 C (1 year)

Term
FFP contains what?
Definition

Stable and labile coagulation factors (1 unit of each clotting factor and 2-4 mg of fibrinogen/mL plasma)

-Other plasma proteins (inc albumin)

-20% is CPD anticoagulant solution

Term
Cryro contains what?
Definition

Fibrinogen (200-250 mg; min 150 mg)

Factor VIII (80-120 units; min 80 units)

vWF

Factor XIII

Fibronectic

 

Term
Potential benefits of leukocyte reduction?
Definition

-Decreased risk of CMV, HTLV, EBV

-HLA alloimmunization

-Platelet refractoriness

-Febrile nonhemolytic reactions

-TRIM (transfusion related immunomodulation)

Term

Duffy antigens?

 

Fy(a+b-) more/less common than Fy(a-b+)?

 

Fy(a-b-) % in blacks?

 

Affected by enzymes?

Definition

Duffy antigens? Fya and Fyb

 

Fy(a+b-) more/less common than Fy(a-b+)?

More common

 

Fy(a-b-) % in blacks?

68%

 

Affected by enzymes?

Destroyed

Term

Duffy antibodies are what class?

 

Show dosage?

 

 

Definition

Duffy antibodies are what class?

IgG warm reacting

 

Show dosage?

Yes

 

Term

MNS found on what on the RBC surface?

 

S,s,U ?

Definition

MNS found on what on the RBC surface?

Glycophorin A

 

S,s,U ? 

Glycophorin B

Term

MNS antibodies - display dosage?

 

What class are they?

 

What class are S,s, and U?

Definition

MNS antibodies - display dosage? - Yes

 

What class are they?

IgM, cold-reacting; naturally occuring; clinically insignificant

 

What class are S,s, and U?

IgG, warm reacting, after expsoure, significant

Term

Kell antigens affected by enzymes?

 

What destroy them?

 

McLeod phenotype? Disease associations

Definition

Kell antigens affected by enzymes? 

Unaffected

 

What destroy them?

ZZAP

DDT

 

McLeod phenotype? Lack of Kx protein depresses expression of Kell antigens - assw shortened RBC survival and reduced deformabilitiy 

 

Disease associations: Xlinked CGD, acanthocytosis, late-onset type muscular dystrophy 

Term

Kell antibodies

 

Class? Exposure?

Definition

Kell antibodies

 

Class? Exposure?

Warm reacting IgG ; after exposure, significant

 

Most are anti-K 

 

(k antigen very common - 99%, K antigen - 9%)

Term

RBC diameter?

 

Microaggregate filter diameter?

 

Standard blood filter diameter?

Definition

RBC diameter?

8 microns

 

Microaggregate filter diameter?

40 microns

 

Standard blood filter diameter?

170 microns

Term
Factors that can decrease response to platelets?
Definition

Factors that can decrease response to platelets?

 

Fever

ABO incompatibility

Splenogmegaly

Recipient HLA antibodies

Drugs: Amphotericin B

Term
When giving blood products to a IgA deficient individual, why is it impt to remove the plasma?
Definition

When giving blood products to a IgA deficient individual, why is it impt to remove the plasma?

 

IgA deficient patients can develop antibodies to transfused IgA - thus can have severe anaphylactic reaction on subsequent transfusions.

Term

P antigens: protein or carbohydrate?

 

What is the P1 phenotype?

 

White %? Black %? 

Definition

P antigens: protein or carbohydrate?

Carbohydrate

 

What is the P1 phenotype?

anti-P1, P+, PP1Pk+, Pk_

 

White %? 80%

Black %? 95%

 

Term

P2 phenotype?

 

Black %?

 

White%?

Definition

P2 phenotype

anti-P1-, P+, PP1Pk+, Pk_

 

Black % - 5%

 

White% - 20%

Term
What is the rare p phenotype?
Definition

What is the rare p phenotype?

 Absence of P antigens (anti-P1-, P-, PP1Pk_, Pk_)

 

Make a potent anti PP1P(can be assw delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction and HDN)

 

Assw between anti-Pand anti PP1Pand 1st Trimester abortion

Term
Antibodies to P antigens MCly seen with which P phenotype?
Definition

P2 phenotype

 

IgM anti P1, 4 C, not significant

Term

In Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria, what antigens are the target?

 

What test used to pick it up?

Definition

In Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria, what antigens are the target?

P antigens

 

Auto-anti P IgG Ab act as a biphasic hemolysin. (As blood passes thru cold parts of body, it binds and activate complement, hemolysis occurs at warm temperatures)

 

 

What test used to pick it up?

Donath Landsteiner

 

Term
What antigen serves as receptor for parvovirus B19?
Definition

What antigen serves as receptor for parvovirus B19?

 

P antigen

Term

HLA class I antigens found on what cells?

 

3 loci?

Definition

HLA class I antigens found on what cells?

 

All nucleated cells

Platelets

 

3 Loci?

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

 

(Class I encode a single polypeptide chain that has 3 domanins ~ Ig HC + a transmembraine domain. Class I molecules embedded as a transmembrane protein, and each non covalently assw single molecule of B2 microglobulin)

Term

HLA Class II antigens found on what cell types?

 

3 Loci?

Definition

HLA Class II antigens found on what cell types?

 

B cells

Macrophages

Activated T cells

 

3 Loci?

HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ

 

(The Class II genes encode 2 polypeptide chains, alpha and beta, each with 2 domains ~ Ig LC + transmembrane domain)

Term
What are Bennet Goodspeed antigens?
Definition

What are Bennet Goodspeed antigens?

 

Red cells have small amouts onf Class I antigens, referred to as BG antigens. Rarely involved in alloAb mediated hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Term

 

 Each unit of platelets collected by apheresis (apheresis-derived platelets) should contain at least ________ platelets, while units of whole blood-derived platelets should have at least ________.

Definition

 

 Each unit of platelets collected by apheresis (apheresis-derived platelets) should contain at least ________ platelets, while units of whole blood-derived platelets should have at least ________.

3.0 x 1011; 5.5 x 1010

Term

 

 Each unit of red blood cells contains approximately how much iron?

Definition
200 mg
Term
After 1 unit plasma exchange, the % of protein removed is ? After 2 units?
Definition

After 1 unit plasma exchange, the % of protein removed is ? After 2 units?

 

1 unit - 65%

 

2 units - 88%

Term
How often can apheresis platelet donors donate?
Definition
2 donations every 7 days
Term

Chance siblings are HLA identical?

 

1 sibling?

2 siblings?

3 siblings?

 

Definition

Chance siblings are HLA identical? 25%

 

1 sibling? 25%

2 siblings? 45%

3 siblings? 60%

 

 

Term
Reagent cells in antibody screen express which antigens?
Definition

Reagent cells in antibody screen express which antigens?

 

DCEce

MNSs

P1

Lea,Leb

K,k

Fya, Fyb

Jka, Jkb

 

Term
Examples of enhancement media designed to make Ab-Ag reactions more obvious?
Definition

Examples of enhancement media designed to make Ab-Ag reactions more obvious?

 

PEG (polyethylene glycol)

LISS (Low ionic strength saline)

Term
Direct antiglobulin test or direct Coombs test explanation?
Definition

Direct antiglobulin test or direct Coombs test explanation?

 

AHG is added to blood. If the RBCs are coated with globulins, agglutination occurs.

Term
Indirect antiglobulin test or indirect Coombs test explanation?
Definition

Indirect antiglobulin test or indirect Coombs test explanation?

 

Antibodies of known specificity are added to blood followed by addition of AHG. If RBCs have antigen of interest, agglutination occurs.

Term
HTLA Antibodies?
Definition

-Suspected when there is weak reactivity in the AHG phase to all the cells in the antibody panel. Reacts at all dilutions >1:64

-Group of antibodies that are directed against high incidence antigens (>99.9% people)

-Significance is that they mask other alloantibodies

-Some may be clinically significant: Cartwright (Yta), Holley (Hy), Gregory (Gy)

-Not significant : Chido/Rogers (Ch/Rg), Sda, Bg, Csa, York (Yka)

Term

Polyagglutination?

 

What does T-activation mean?

 

Test for polyagglutination?

Definition

-Adult sera has naturally occuring IgM antibodies to T, Tn, Tk, and Cad. 

-Some antigens (all T)  only exist after being acted upon by bacterial neuraminidase (aka T-activation)

-Cad is a rare inherited antigen

 

-Polyaggutinable RBCs are agglutinated by adult but not cord serum. 

 

Term

Hemagglutination inhibition?

 

Definition

-Use of substance that contains or mimics a particular antigen

-If serum sample suspected of containing an antibody with specificty for this antigen, suspicion can be confirmed by abolition of reactivity. 

-Also, additional antibodes that are masked can get picked up

Term

Lectin                                   Binds to? 

 

Dolichos biflorus

 

Bandeiraea simplicifolia

 

Ulex europaeus

 

Lotus tetragonolobus

 

Arachis hypogaea

 

Vicea graminea

Definition

Lectin                                   Binds to? 

 

Dolichos biflorus                         A1

        

Bandeiraea simplicifolia               B

 

Ulex europaeus                           H (secretor status)

 

Lotus tetragonolobus                  H

 

Arachis hypogaea                         T

 

Vicea graminea                           N

Term

Neutralizing substances                 Antigenic Activity?

 

Guinea pig urine

 

Hydatid cyst fluid

 

Saliva

 

Breast Mild

 

Pidgeon eggs

 

Plasma

Definition

Neutralizing substances                 Antigenic Activity?

 

Guinea pig urine                                      Sda

 

Hydatid cyst fluid                                     P1

 

Saliva                                                    H, Lea

 

Breast Milk                                               I                                             

Pidgeon eggs                                            P1

 

Plasma                                             Chido, Rodgers

Term
Antigens enchanced by enzymes?
Definition

Le,

I/i

P

Rh

Kidd

 

Term
Antigens destroyed by enzymes?
Definition

MNSs

Fya, Fyb

Lutheran

Chido

Rodgers

Yta

Term
Antigens unaffected by enzymes?
Definition

Kell

(most remaining)

Term

Cause of positive crossmatch with positive antibody screen?

 

 

Cause of positive crossmatch with negative antibody screen?

 

 

 

 

Definition

Cause of positive crossmatch with positive antibody screen?

 

AlloAb, AutoAb, Antibodies to reagents

 

 

Cause of positive crossmatch with negative antibody screen?

 

Anti-ABO antibodies, Antibodies to low incidence antigens

 

 

 

 

Term
rubella vaccination yesterday. She should be deferred for:
Definition
Rubella is a live attenuated virus vaccination (as is Varicella), so a deferral is required; with either of these vaccinations, a four week deferral is required.
Term
tetanus booster three days ago; defer him for:
Definition
A tetanus booster is a toxoid, not a live virus. Toxoid vaccinations do not lead to deferral
Term
Digoxin for a heart rhythm disorder.deferral?
Definition
Digoxin is not considered a significant risk to potential recipients, and people taking it are not automatically ineligible.
Term
Reasons an O positive person might have apparent anti-D antibody?
Definition

Autoantibody (MC warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia)

 

Anti-LW (LW antigen expressed more strongly on D+ cells than D-. If anti-LW Ab present, may appear to be reacting only with D + cells, thus stimulating anti-D antibodies)

 

D variant

Term
B(A) phenotype?
Definition
B type individuals sometimes have high levels of glucosyltransferase so that a small amout of A antigen is produced (on forward, looks AB)
Term
Acquired B phenotype?
Definition

Blood group A individual RBCs get reactivity with anti-B reagent (thus look AB).

 

-Occurs in A1 individuals when acted upon by bacterial deacetylases (assw bacteremia [colon Ca, obstruction, gram negative sepsis]

 

-To confirm suspicions 1.altered A1 antigen can by re-acetylated with acetic anhydride. 2.patient's own anti-B will agglutinate these cells

 

 

(Acidified human anti-B does not react with acquired B antigen. Patient's saliva will not contain B antigen)

Term
Drugs assw positive DAT?
Definition

Drugs assw positive DAT?

 

Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Procainamide, Aldomet

Term
Questions to be asked when autoantibody is suspected?
Definition

Questions to be asked when autoantibody is suspected?

 

Patient hemoylzing? (bili, haptob,Hb, LDH)

Drugs? (penicillin, ceph, procain, aldomet)

 

Recent transfusion (mixed field reaction)

 

Uncommon: Post bone marrow transplant (mixed field), anti-lymphocyte globuin (ALG)

Term

Most reliable CBC index in presence of cold agglutinins?

 

Titer of benign cold agglutinins usually < _ ?

Definition

Most reliable CBC index in presence of cold agglutinins?

Hemoglobin

 

Titer of benign cold agglutinins usually < _ ?

 

64 at 4 C

Term

Pathologic cold autoagglutinins 

 

DAT?

C3d?

IgG?

 

Titer?

Definition

Pathologic cold autoagglutinins 

 

DAT? 2+ to 3+

C3d? Positive

IgG? Negative

 

Titer? >1000 at 4 C

Term

Idiopathic cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (CAIHA)

 

Antibody?

Definition

Idiopathic cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (CAIHA)

 

Antibody?

IgM with anti-I, anti-i

(rarely anti-Pr)

 

Acrocyanosis, Raynaud, moderate hemolytic anemia

-Agglutination in extremities and complement fixation leading to intravascular lysis

Term

Secondary cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

 

Etiologies?

 

Definition

Secondary cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

 

Etiologies?

 

M. Pneumonia - transient anti-I

 

Lymphoproliferation ~ persistent anti-I

 

Mono sometimes causes anti-i

 

(all these are IgM)

 

Term
Mixed type autoantibodies?
Definition

Both cold IgM and warm IgG autoantibodies

 

Reaction with IgG and C3 at antiglobulin phase

 

Presentation: Acute onset hemolytic anemia (idio or assw lupus)

 

Tx: Very responsive to corticosteroids

Term
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobulinuria?
Definition

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobulinuria?

 

MC affects children with viral illness

 

Clinical: Paroxysmal episodes of hemoglobulinuria assw cold exposure. Fever, abdominal pain.

 

Anemia severe

 

Tx: Warm, Transfuse as necessary

Term
Donath Landsteiner Test?
Definition

Donath Landsteiner Test?

 

Dx Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

 

IgG biphasic with anti-P specificity. Produces hemolysis when incubated at 2 diff temperatures

 

Testing: DAT postive with polyspecific AHG, negative with anti IgG, positive with anti-C3. Perform at 4 and 37 C.

Term

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

1. Drug absorption

(Penicilin prototype)

Definition

Positive DAT.

 

Dose dependent.

 

Mechanism: Drug absorbed onto RBC, and RBC then becomes coated with anti-penicillin antibodies.

 

Lab: Serum and eluate react with drug treated RBCs but not untreated RBCs.

Term

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

2. Non Immune protein adsorption?

(Cephalothin prototype)

Definition

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

2. Non Immune protein adsorption?

(Cephalothin prototype)

 

Mech: Drug adsorbed onto RBC. RBC becomes nonspecifically coated with all sorts of serum proteins, including antibodies

 

Lab: RBCs + with IgG, IgA, C3 specific antisera, but serum and eluate are non-reactive with RBCs.

Term

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

3. Immune Complex?

(Quinidine, phenacetin, cephalosporins prototypes)

Definition

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

3. Immune Complex?

(Quinidine, phenacetin, cephalosporins prototypes)

 

Mech: Drug elicits complement-fixing antibodes - leads to 'innocent bystander' lysis of RBCs

 

Lab: RBCs + for C3d only

Term

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

4. True autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

(aldomet, procainamide)

Definition

Drug Induced Positive DAT

 

4. True autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

(aldomet, procainamide)

 

Warm reacting RBC autoantibody - leads to syndrome resembling idiopathic types of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Term
Why is routine volume reduction not recommended for neonates?
Definition

1. Very little volume to begin with

 

2. Potential platelet loss and potential platelet functional defects

 

3. Potential bacterial contamination

 

4. Time delay

Term
Basis of ITP?
Definition

Autoantiboies agains platelets (~PLA1)

 

Risk fx during pregnancy: previous splenectomy for ITP, previous infant with ITP, gestational (maternal) platelet count <100,000

Term
Basis of NATP (neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia)?
Definition

Alloantibodies that cross placenta and cause destruction of fetal platelets.

 

MC agains PLA1

Term
In hemolytic disease of the newborn, what classes of alloantibodies can cross the placenta?
Definition

IgG1, IgG3, IgG4

 

 

(IgA, IgG2, and IgM DO NOT CROSS)

Term

MCC of severe HDN?

 

2nd MC?

Definition

MCC of severe HDN?

Kell

 

2nd MC?

Anti-c

Term
RhIg dose calculation?
Definition

Vials of RhIg = [maternal whole blood volume (mL)) x (% fetal cells in mom's blood)] / 30

 

blood volume = kg x 70 mL/kg (about 5000 mL)

 

% rbc- Kleihauer Betke test

 

Each full dose protects agains 30 mL whole blood OR 15 mL RBCs

 

Round up 1 or 2.

 

Term
Rosette test?
Definition

D+ indicator cells form rosettes around D+ fetal cells

 

As little as 10 cc fetal blood can be detected

 

Qualitative results (KB or ELAT then indicated

Term
Kleihauer Betke (acid elution) test?
Definition

Since HbF is resistant to acid elution, acid elution affects adult Hemoglobin

 

Afterwards, stained with Wright and cells that stain are HbF containing RBCs

 

Cell count performed to determine % of fetal red cells

Term
Strong indications for transfusion in sickle cell anemia?
Definition

Stroke

Retinal artery occlusion

Splenic sequestration crisis

Acute chest syndrome

Aplastic crisis

Term

Target HbS in children?

 

In adults?

Definition

Target HbS in children?

<30%

 

In adults?

<50%

Term
MC autoantibodies that develop in sickle cell patients?
Definition

MC autoantibodies that develop in sickle cell patients?

 

Kell, C, E, Jkb

 

 

Term
Why does tranfused blood not have oxygen carrying capacity of innate blood?
Definition
Depletion of 2,3 DPG and ATP
Term

Dextrose?

 

Adenine?

 

Citrate?

 

Sodium phoshpate?

 

[blood storage]

Definition

Dextrose?

-Carbohydrate for glycolytic ATP production

 

Adenine?

-Substrate for ATP production

 

Citrate?

-Anticoagulant (chelates calcium)

 

Sodium phoshpate?

-pH buffer

Term

Solution         Contents          Storage Time     Comment

 

Heparin

 

CPD

 

CPDA-1

 

AS-1

Definition

Solution         Contents          Storage Time     Comment

 

Heparin            Heparin            48 hours         Not used

 

CPD-Citrate, Na phosphate, dextrose; 21 days

 

CPDA-1 (same as CPD+adenine) ; 35 days

 

AS-1 (dex, aden, na phos, mannitol, Na cholide); 42 d; must be added w/in 72 hours of collection

Term

White cells in typical RBC unit?

 

Leukoreduced WBC number (to prevent febrile reactions)?

 

 

Leukoreduced WBC number (to prevent HLA alloim and CMV)?

Definition

White cells in typical RBC unit?

5x109

 

Leukoreduced WBC number (to prevent febrile reactions)?

<5x108

 

Leukoreduced WBC number (to prevent HLA alloim and CMV)?

<5 x 106

Term

Shelf life of washed RBCs?

 

Purpose of washed RBCs?

Definition

Shelf life of washed RBCs?

24 hours

 

Purpose of washed RBCs?

Prevent allergic reactions (ex. anaphylaxis in IgA deficient recipient)

Term
Shelf life of Irradiated RBCs?
Definition

Shelf life of Irradiated RBCs?

 

28 days or original outdate

Term
How much iron in a bag of RBCs?
Definition

200 mg iron (1 mg iron/ 1 mL RBCs)

 

Total volume of bag 250 mL (200 mL RBCs, 50 mL plasma and anticoagulants)

Term

Pheresis platelets equal to how many packs of regular platelets?

 

Average platelet lifespan?

 

 

Definition

6

 (3 x 1011; vs 5.5 x 1010)

 

Expected increase of 1 pack: 5000/uL

1 apheresis unit: 30,000 /uL

 

Average platelet lifespan?

9.5 days

 

 

Term
Granulocyte collection and administration?
Definition

Granulocyte collection and administration?

 

Via pheresis, stored at 20-24 C up to 24 hours

 

Administer without a filter

Term

FFP

 

Preparation?

Contains?

Indications?

Dosing?

Definition

Preparation?

Plasma placed at -18 c w/in 8 hours. Expires 1 year. Thaw to 30-37 c- expires 24 hours

 

Contains?

200 mL; 1 IU all coag fx (400 mg fibrinogen)

 

Indications?

DIC, warfarin, massive transfusion,

Plasmapheresis (TTP, ATIII def)

 

Dosing?

2 units (each 20% expected increase)

10-15ml/kg neonates

(make sure ABO compatible as it contains antibodies)

Term

Cyroprecipitate preparation?

 

 

Contains?

Definition

FFP thawed to 1-6 C

Precipitate is cryoprecipitate

W/in 1 hour, store at -18 C for 1 year.

 

Contains: 15 mL, 150 mg fibrinogen, 80 IU fx 8, vWF, fx 13a.

DOES NOT have fx 5.

 

Tx- hemophilia A if fx 8 concentrate not available

Term
Bags of cyro calculation?
Definition

Bags = [(plasma volume) x (amt fx 8 needed)]/80

 

Plasma volume = (kgx70mL/kg) x (1-Hct)

 

Fx 8 needed = (Desired activity) - (current activity)

 

[100% desired if going to surgery; 50% to stop spontaneous bleeding]

 

100% fx 8 activity = 1 IU/mL

Term

Half life of Fx 8?

 

 

Half life of Fx 9?

Definition

Fx 8 - 12 hours

 

Fx 9 - 8 hours

 

(initial tx of choice for vwD: DDAVP)

Term
Fibrinogen deficiency MC in what setting?
Definition

Fibrinogen deficiency MC in what setting?

 

DIC

 

Tx: FFP and cryo (don't give alone bc doesn't have enough Fx 5)

 

fibrin glue factor: fx 13

Term
Half life of recombinant VIIa?
Definition

3.5 hours

 

(indication: inhibitors against Fx8 or Fx9, trauma, 7 def, excessive coumadin, liver failure, tcytopenia)

Term

Irradiation

 

Dose to midplane?

 

Dose to any portion?

Definition

Irradiation

 

Dose to midplane? 25 Gy (2500 cGy)

 

Dose to any portion? 15 Gy

 

(28 days expiration or original outdate)

(Indication: BMT, neonates, blood from 1st degree relatives, Hodgkin/NHL, congenital T-cell defects)

 

NOT in B cell or mphage defects

Term

Leukoreduction

 

Amt to prevent febrile illness?

 

Amt to prevent CMV transmission?

 

Indications?

Definition

Leukoreduction

 

Amt to prevent febrile illness? <5 x108

 

Amt to prevent CMV transmission? <5 x 106

 

Ind: HLA alloim <5 x 106, FNHTR,

 

(washed RBCs and frozen,deglycerolized cells considered LR)

Term
Washed RBCs indications?
Definition

Washed RBCs indications?

 

Prevent allergic reactions

FNHTR

Neonates from parent, ABO incompatibility

Term
Why may the DAT be negative in a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Definition
If hemolysis severe, DAT may be negative bc of destruction of all transfused cells
Term
Classification of hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Definition

Classification of hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Intravascular vs Extravascular

Acute vs Delayed

 

ABO, Kidd- Acute intravascular

 

Non-ABO alloantibodies: acute or delayed extravascular hemolysis

[NO real examples of delayed intravascular hemolysis]

Term
Non immune causes of hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Definition

Long Storage

Inappropriate temperature storage

Mechanical devices

Blood warmers

Needles

Addition of stuff other than NS

 

Bacterial contamination (Clostridia)

 

RBC unrecognized defect

Term

Lab Associations (Intravascular or Extravascular Hemolysis?)

Postive DAT?

Pink serum?

Hyperbilirubinemia?

Hemoglobinuria?

Coagulation abnlties?

Schistocytes?

Spherocytes?

Definition

Lab Associations (Intravascular or Extravascular Hemolysis?)

Postive DAT?     I or E

Pink serum?         I

Hyperbilirubinemia?   E 

Hemoglobinuria?       I

Coagulation abnlties?     I

Schistocytes?          I

Spherocytes?          E

Term

Alloantibodies against what antigens MCly causing DHTR?

 

Findings in DHTR?

Definition

(Extravascular hemolysis)

 

Kidd, Kell, Duffy

 

Findings: Positive DAT (often mixed field), icteric serum, anemia, spherocytes, no free Hb

 

Tx: avoid further exposure

Term
MC organisms causing bacterial contamination in blood banking?
Definition

Yersinia enterocolitica

 

Serratia liquifaciens

 

Citrobacter

 

Pseudomonas

Term
Two conditions needed for donor cells to survive in recipient?
Definition

Two conditions needed for donor cells to survive in recipient?

 

Immunocompromised recipient

HLA similarity (no response mounted)

 

[TVHD: can occur with transfusion or solid organ transplantation)

Term
Tetrad of TAGVHD?
Definition

Tetrad of TAGVHD?

 

Dermatitis (periauricular, palmar, plantar)

 

Enterocolitis (watery diarrhea)

 

Hepatitis (aminotransferase elevation)

 

BM suppresssion (pancytopenia)

Term
Proposed pathogenesis of TRALI?
Definition

Proposed pathogenesis of TRALI?

 

Donor HLA antibodies against reciepient WBCs.

 

(2 grps at risk: induction tx for heme malig, bypass surgery)

 

(Likelihood raised: multiparous donors, prolonged storage)

 

(Plasma containg products more risk: FFP, platelets)

Term
Allergic transfusion reaction etiology?
Definition

Plasma proteins.

 

(IgA deficiency)

 

Term

Post transfusion Purpura

 

Affects who?

 

Etiology?

 

Tx?

Definition

Post transfusion Purpura

 

Affects who?

Multiparous women

 

Etiology?

Plate alloantibodes (anti PLA1) [98% positive for PLA1]

 

Tx?

Term
Platelet Refractoriness Etiologies?
Definition

Platelet Refractoriness Etiologies?

 

Infection

Splenomegaly,

Drugs (amphotericin)

DIC

 

HLA alloimmunization (Class I antigens found on platelets, MCly HLA-A and HLA-B)

Term
Platelet count increment calculation?
Definition

Platelet count increment calculation?

 

CI = (posttransfusion plt ct) - (pretransfusion plt ct) x BSA / (platelets transfused x 1011)

 

[expected increase 1 unit is 5000, apheresis (6 pack) = 30,000)

Term

Transfusion Risks

 

HBV?

 

HCV?

 

HAV?

 

HIV?

Definition

Transfusion Risks

 

HBV?

1:100,000

 

HCV?

1:[800K-1.7 million]

 

HAV?

[1:1 million]

 

HIV?

1: [400K to 2.4 million]

 

Term

Naturally occuring antibodies?

 

 

 

Antigens that display dosage?

Definition

Naturally occuring antibodies?

ABO, I/i, Le, Lu, M, N, P

 

 

 

Antigens that display dosage?

MNS, Kidd, C/c, E/e, Duffy

Term

Antibodies reacting at room temperature?

 

 

Antigens that are enzyme enhanced?

Definition

Antibodies reacting at room temperature?

Anti-M, N, P1, Lea, Leb

 

 

Antigens that are enzyme enhanced?

I/i, P, Le, Rh, Kidd

Term

Antigens destroyed by enzymes?

 

4 most common antibodies implicated in delayed HTR?

Definition

Antigens destroyed by enzymes?

MNSs, Fya, Fyb, Lutheran, Chido

 

4 most common antibodies implicated in delayed HTR?

anti-Jka, anti-E, anti-D, anti-C

Term

Mixed field reactions expected with? 

 

 

 

Antibodies assw Intravascular Hemolysis?

Definition

Mixed field reactions expected with? 

-Lutheran, Sid, A3, post BMT

 

 

 

Antibodies assw Intravascular Hemolysis?

-ABO, Kidd, P (Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria)

Term

Associations

 

Fy (a-b-)

 

McLeod (Kell-null,Kx)

 

Anti-P

 

Anti-I

Definition

Associations

 

Fy (a-b-) : P.vivax resistance

 

McLeod (Kell-null,Kx): CGD, Acanthocytosis, Musc Dystrop

 

Anti-P: PCH, Syphilis

 

Anti-I : Mycoplasma Pneum

Term

Associations

 

Anti-i

 

Anti-N

 

Acquired B phenotype

 

Rh null (Bombay)

Definition

Associations

 

Anti-i  : EBV

 

Anti-N : Renal dialysis

 

Acquired B phenotype: Colon Ca, Gram Neg Sepsis, Bowel                                 obstruction

 

Rh null (Bombay): Hereditary Stomatocytosis

Term

Associations

 

Diego Negative

 

Gerbich Negative

Definition

Associations

 

Diego Negative: Diego is an epitope on band 3 protein

                       Band 3 deficiency - HS and HE

 

Gerbich Negative: Gerbich: epitope on Glycophorin C; A                                         cause of HE

Term

Shelf Lives

 

RBC (saline washed or thawed and degycleroized)

 

Thawed FFP:

 

Thawed Plasma:

 

Pooled Platets:

 

Thawed Cryoprecipitated AHF, unpooled:

 

Thawed Cryoprecipitated AHF, pooled:

Definition

Shelf Lives

 

RBC (saline washed or thawed and degycleroized): 24h

 

Thawed FFP: 24h (afterwards, called plasma)

 

Thawed Plasma: 5 days

 

Pooled Platets: 4h

 

Thawed Cryoprecipitated AHF, unpooled: 6h

 

Thawed Cryoprecipitated AHF, pooled: 4h

Term

Clinically insignificant antibodies? 

Definition

Clinically insignificant antibodies? 


M, N, P, Lewis, Lutheran, I 

Term
What is the difference between Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease?
Definition

Cushing syndrome (elevated serum cortisol)


Cushing disease (elevated serum cortisol due to a pituitary adenoma). 

Term
Difference between Addison's syndrome and disease?
Definition

Addison syndrome is defined as hypocortisolism


 while Addison disease is defined as hypocortisolism due to primary adrenal insufficiency

Term
Conn Syndrome?
Definition

constellation of symptoms secondary to


hyperaldosteronism (hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypertension). 

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