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| The study of the composition and structure of Earth's interior |
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| The Earth's surface layer. |
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| A layer of thick, hot rock below the Earth’s crust |
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A huge ball of hot metal at Earth’s center. |
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How much mass is packed into a certain shape. |
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A shell of cool, rigid rock including the crust and some of the upper portion of Erath’s mantle. |
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It is under the lithosphere. Made up of mantle rock. |
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| A layer between the asthenosphere and the outer core consisting of strong and rigid mantle rock |
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A. A shell of hot, liquid metal-mostly iron that lies under the mantle and over the inner core. |
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A solid sphere of hot metal made mostly of iron. |
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Warm liquid rock from Earth’s interior. |
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| States that the world’s continents move slowly over Earth’s surface |
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| When tectonic plates move towards each other |
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Separates plates that are pulling apart. |
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| A stretching force on rock. |
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A squeezing force on a rock. |
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A bend in layers of rock. |
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| A crack in Earth’s crust along which different sections of rock have shifted |
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A mountain produced by the folding of rock. |
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| A mountain produced by normal faulting and the uplifting of blocks of rock |
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A mountain that is the accumulation of lava or other erupted materials. A mountain that forms when lava or pyroclastic materials pile up around a volcano vent. |
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A dome-shaped mountain produced by a broad arching of Earth’s crust. |
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Broad, flat areas of land that don’t raise much above sea level. |
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| Flat areas of land more the 600 m above sea level. |
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| The sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the asthenosphere |
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The theory that states that Earth’s lithosphere is divided into large plates that slowly move around the globe. |
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The process by which new lithosphere is created at mid-ocean ridges as older lithosphere moves away. |
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| Places where tectonic plates slide along beside one another as they move |
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A solid mixture of one or more kinds of minerals. |
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A. Rock that forms from magma that cools. |
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| Igneous rock that forms from magma that cools underground |
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| An igneous rock that forms at Earth’s surface |
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| Rock that forms over time as rock is pressed together |
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| Parallel layers of sedimentary rock |
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A. Rock that has formed from existing rock that has changed because of temperature, pressure, or reactive chemicals. |
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| Rocks that contain crystals that are arranged in parallel bands |
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| A series of processes by which rock is formed, breaks down, and transforms into different kinds of rock |
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| The disintegration or decomposition of rock at or near Earth’s surface |
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| The removal and transport of pieces of preexisting rock |
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| The process of laying down eroded material in new locations |
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| A mixture of fine, weathered rock particles and air, water, and organic matter such as dead animals and plants and animal excrement |
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| A large pool of air that has similar temperature and moisture characteristics throughout |
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| A weather system organized around an area of high pressure |
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A. The thin envelope of gases surrounding the solid planet. |
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| The weight of all the air molecules in the atmosphere pressing down on Earth’s surface |
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| The general pattern of weather that occurs over a period of time |
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A. The tendency of moving bodies not attached to Earth (such as air molecules) to move to their right in the Northern Hemisphere and to their left in the Southern Hemisphere. |
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| (or a low-pressure system or simply alow) A weather system organized around an area of low pressure |
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A. The temperature at which the air becomes saturated. |
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A. (or weather front) A boundary along which air masses meet. |
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| The process by which certain gases warm the atmosphere by trapping infrared radiation |
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| A.The mass of water in a given volume of air. |
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| Water in the liquid or solid state the returns to Earth’s surface from the atmosphere. |
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| The ratio of the water vapor actually in the air compared with the maximum water vapor air can hole at that temperature |
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| Electromagnetic energy given off by the Sun |
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| A wind-driven, shallow ocean current |
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| Infrared radiation emitted by Earth’s surface |
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A. The state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. |
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Air flowing horizontally from an area of high pressure to one of lower pressure |
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A. Wind blowing warm wind away from the Earth’s surface. |
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| What is each layer of the Earth composed of (looks like)? |
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Definition
Inner core- Solid.
Outer Core- Scorching hot, liquid
Lower Mantle- More solid than Upper
Upper Mantle- Less solid than lower, has very special rock
Crust- Many elements, hardest layer of earth. rock. |
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| What each layer of Earth does? |
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Definition
Crust- to keep heat from entering and for us to be able to walk
Mantle- Contains heat and supports tectonic plates
Core- metals inside it make a magnetic field
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| What evidence supports that the Earth is made of layers? |
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Definition
| Because scientists have done research and found evidence. |
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| What does the continental drift theory say? |
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Definition
| States that the world’s continents move slowly over Earth’s surface |
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| What evidence supports that the earth was one a big continent? |
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| Fossil evidence, matching geological trends. |
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| What evidence supports the divergent boundery under the ocean? |
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| Because magma is found under the ocean. |
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| Oceanic Divergence plate boundary |
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| When the plates spread apart and magma is released into the ocean which is then cooled into rock. |
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| When the plates separate and cause rifts and or rift valleys |
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| Colliding of tectonic plates which results in earthquakes |
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| Plates collide with each other and cause volcanoes or earthquakes |
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| Seismic waves, and they are the amount of energy that travel through earth. |
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| Moving of the earths plates. |
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| Evidence supporting plate tectonic theory |
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Definition
| The continental drift theory says the continents move which also can mean that the pltes move. and the continents have been recorded moving. |
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| How is the theory different from Continental drift? |
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Definition
Continental drift- Continents move
Plate Tectonics- The plates move |
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| Compare and contrast the 3 types of rocks |
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Definition
Sidmentary- Rock that forms over time as rock is pressed together
Metamorphic- Rock that has formed from existing rock that has changed because of temperature, pressure, or reactive chemicals
Igneous- Rock that forms from magma that cools |
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| Diagram and label the Rock Cycle |
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Definition
Magma crystallizes into igneous rock, which weathering and erosion turn it into sediment, the sedimant is the compacted and turned into sedimentary rock, which is then heated and pressured into metamorphic rock which is then melted into magma. |
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| a rock, which is broken down because of the Earth's atmosphere (heat, water, ice, and presure). |
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| water is evaporated and turned into condensation, which is then stored in the atmosphere and eventually turned into precipitation. the precipitation causes stream flow and run off, which is eventually put back into the ocean. |
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| explain how long and where water is stored on earth |
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| water is stored everywhere and for unlimited amount of time |
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| What is the atmosphere made of? |
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Definition
The atmosphere is made up of
21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
~0.9% Argon |
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| Compare and contrast the 5 layers of the atmosphere |
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Troposphere- layer closest to earth, 11km
Stratosphere- Second closest, extends to 50km
Mesosphere- Third closest, between 50 and 80km
Thermosphere- Fourth closest, between 80 and 110km
Exosphere- Farthest, above a height of 500km |
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| Decribe solar intensity and how latitude effects tempature |
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| Solar intensity is the solar radiation per area and latitude affects tempurature because when the sun rotates it gets colder in certain places. the equator stays the sme temp. |
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| Describe how the tilt of Earth causes seasonal changes |
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| Because when one hemisphere is tilted towards the sun then it is summer, when it is tilted away it is winter. |
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| Decribe how pressure differences produce winds |
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| Wind starts with pressure differences Because when there is high pressure then the high pressuresets up a force with the low pressure which causes wind. The greater the pressure the stronger the wind. |
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| Evaluate how differential heating of the Earth can produce global winds. |
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| The equator has hotter air and more pressure and the colder air and colder pressure rushes from the poles to the equator which causes force of the pressures which causes global wind. |
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| Explain how ocean currents distribute heat |
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| Warm currents transport heat polewards. Cold currents transport cold water equatorwards. |
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| Discribe how air masses and weather front determine weather |
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| Because air masses are large bodies of air and fronts are when 2 large air masses meet. so the air and the meeting of air causes different pressure and different thing that cause weather. |
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