The change in position(the displacement) traveled by a body divided by the time taken to change that position:

Vav = Change in X / Change in T

(velocity is speed/magnitude with direction)

The distance traveled (along the path taken) divided by the time taken to travel that distance.

Vav = d/t

Defined similarily to the average velocity.

Aav = change in V / change in T

(Note: if the acceleration doesn't change, the average acceleration is the accleration throughout the problem)

The size of something compared to a standard.

A quantity's size or amount without regard to its direction; the "length" of a vector.

The sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle equals the square of the hypotenuse.

a^2 + b^2 = c^2

Any object upon which the only force is gravity. The path of it is called its trajectory.

The horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's velocity are independent of each other.

The horizontal velocity is always constant unless acted upon by some other horizontal force.

1. the surface on which the object rests is not horizontal

2. there are other vertical forces (or a component of a force is vertical)

For an object moving at a speed v in a circle of radius r, the directio of the motion must be continuously changing. That is, there is continuous acceleration. The direction of this acceleration is towards the center of the circle and has a magnitued of

Ac = v^2/r

The distance and direction between the starting and ending points of an object's motion.

You can write it three ways:

1. with a vector diagram

2. as a magnitude-angle pair

3. as an x-y pair

Vertical velocity increaces because of the acceleration of gravity. As a result, both the magnitude(speed) and direction of the velocity vector change.

Vy = gt

This equation is only suitable for situations where the projectile starts with zero velocity.

The horizontal distance a projectile goes is the horizontal speed(Vx) multiplied by the time (t). The horizontal speed is always constant unless acted upon by another force.

The equation is only suitable for situations where the projectile starts with zero velocity.

The vertical distance the projectile travels can be calculated using the equation d=Vavg*t. The average velocity must be used because the vertical motion is accelerated.

Dy = 4.9t^2

This equation is only suitable for situations where the projectile starts with zero velocity.

The rate at which an object rotates or revolves.

Angular speed = rotations OR degrees / time

The distance traveled per unit of time.

Linear speed(m/s) = circumference / time

v = 2 π r /t

A force that causes an object to move in a circle.

It is created by a force perpendicular to the direction of motion that causes the object to change its path from a line to a circle, without changing speed. This force is always directed towards the center of the circle in which an object moves. These forces change direction so they remain pointed toward the center of the circle. Velocity is always perpendicular to the force.

1. Centripetal force is directly proportional to the mass. A 2 kg object needs twice the force to have the same circular motion as a 1 kg object.

2. Centripetal force is inversely proportional to the radius of its circle. The smaller the circle, the greater the force. An object moving in a one-half-meter circle needs twice the force it does when it moves in a one-meter circle at the same linear speed.

3. Centripetal force is directly proportional to the square of the object's linear speed. Doubling the speed requires four times the centripetal force. Tripling the speed requires nine times the centripetal force.