Term
What is the difference between growth and development?
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Definition
Growth refers to an increase in size
Development is the achievement of a particular stage in the Plant's life cycle |
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Term
| What are the key stages to the Zadoks Growth Stage? |
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Definition
0 - Germination
1 - Seedling Growth
2 - Tillering
3 - Stem Elongation
4 - Booting
5 - Inflorescence emerges
6 - Anthesis
7 - Milk Development |
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Term
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Definition
not a true stem of wheat
Leaf sheath rolls around one another to form a structure that looks like a stem. Eventually the real stem emerges from this |
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Term
| What are the 4 main stages of wheat development? |
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Definition
Tillering
Stem Elongation
Heading
Ripening |
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Term
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Definition
Growing Degree Days
The amount of heat units used can be used to predict how far along the plant is in development
(Daily max. Temp - Daily min. Temp)/2 |
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Term
| Where is energy located in a seed? |
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Definition
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Term
Define the following:
Pericarp
Endosperm
Scutellum |
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Definition
Pericarp - 5-6 cell layer coat that covers aleurone layer, which forms the bran
Endosperm - 90% of mature grain. Starchy tissue that forms. Provides nourishment for developing embryo
Scutellum - single cotyledon; thin and high surface area. Absorbs nutrients from endosperm |
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Term
| What are the 3 roles of the Scutellum? |
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Definition
1. Secretes hormonal message to aleurone (aleurone secretes enzymes for dissolving endosperm)
2. Secretes hydrolytic enzymes
3. Regulates endosperm mobilization |
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Term
Define the following:
Embryo
Dormancy
Coleoptile
Radicle |
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Definition
Embryo - immature new plant. Contains oil and protein, but little starch
Dormancy - result of gradual drying of grain tissue, while some chemical inhibitors are also known
Coleoptile - protective sheath enclosing growth point of embryo. Protects leaves as seedling pushes through soil.
Radicle - primary root; enclosed in coleorhiza and grows downward in soil |
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Term
| What does the Coleoptile often enclose? |
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Definition
3 immature leaves
Shoot Apex
Axillary bud
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Term
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Definition
Where growth occurs (cap that protects the meristem)
Remains below surface |
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Term
| What happens upon seed imbibition (water entering seed) |
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Definition
Scetellus secretes Gibberellic acid, which stimulates aleurone to secrete enzymes that degrade proteins to digest starch
These products then remobilize to the embryo axis through vascular systems |
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Term
| How does embryo growth start? |
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Definition
Elongation and then differentiation of embryo axis after digestion of endosperm and nutrients (from scetellum)
A vascular system is developed between scetellum and embryo axis
Coleorhiza ruptures, then the primary root emerges |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary bud of the plant. It grows within the elongated coleoptile. Once the coleoptile stops elongating, the first leaf pushes through (09) |
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Term
| For Winter Wheat, how many leaves do you want? |
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Definition
| 3-5 leaves or 1 tiller out when wheat goes into winter hardening (21) |
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Term
| What are some risks of early planting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some recommendations for Spring Cereals? |
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Definition
less than 3500 CHU
Plant as soon as soil conditions are ready
April 10th is target date for SW Ontario |
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Term
| How can you determine the amount of seed you need? |
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Definition
size of seed
1000 kernel weight
Germination rate |
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Term
| Why is Planting Depth important? |
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Definition
Want apical meristem to be protected
4-5 cm in depth, in moisture
With deep planting, mesocotyl can elongate before crown is formed. Allows winter wheat to tolerate freeze and thaw cycles |
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Term
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Definition
Planting winter cereals in the late fall when there is still a layer of frost in the surface
Need heavy equipment and higher seeding rates
Popular in North Dakota |
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