Term
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Definition
Function
Enables muscle action, learning and memory.
Ex of Malfunctions
With Alzheimer's disease, ACh-producing neurons deteriorate. |
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Term
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Definition
Example
Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion.
Ex of Malfunctions
Excess dopamine receptor activity is linked to schizophrenia. Starved of dopamine, the brain produces the tremors and decreased mobility of Parkingson's disease. |
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Term
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Definition
Function
Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal.
Ex of Malfunction
Undersupply linked to depression. prozac and some other antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels. |
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Term
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Definition
Function
Helpes control alertness and arousal.
Ex of Malfunction
Undersupply can depress mood. |
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Term
Gaba
(gamma-aminobutyric acid) |
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Definition
Function
A major inhibitory neuritransmitter.
Ex of Malfunction
Undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia. |
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Term
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Definition
Function
A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory.
Ex of Malfunction
Oversupply can overstimulate bain, produce migaines o seizures (whic is why people acoid MSG, monosodium glutamate, in food) |
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Term
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Definition
| a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a nerve cell; basic building block of nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that cary incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
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Term
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Definition
| the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| the extension of a neuron, anding in brancing terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a layer of fatty tissue segmentaly encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
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Term
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Definition
| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction between the acon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neurons, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| natural opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the boyd's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving it's energy |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple, autonomic response to a sensory stimulus such as the knee jerk response |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messangers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in time of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| the endocrine's system's most influencial gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
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