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| Studies the effect of disease, injury, or disability. Mostly human subjects |
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| Renders a given area of the brain nonfunctional. Mostly lower animal studies. (ex. surgery, drugs, anesthetic,freezing techniques, etc.) |
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| Broca's Speech Center (story) |
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| Paul Broca studied a man who suddenly lost his speech. The man died and when Broca did an autopsy he found a tumor in this area. (used clinical study) |
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| A man who worked laying railroad tracks. Blew up a mountain and a pole hit him in the face. He survived but after was mean, tempermental, and angry. Found that nerves in the Fronal lobe were severed in his autopsy later. |
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| a neurologist that came up with a procedure called the Frontal Lobe lobotamy that dealt with the nerves in the Phineas Gage story. He didnt do his lobotomies until after WW2 and found that only small amount of people got better. Most people got even worse. He won the Nobel Prize before the test results came out. |
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| The singlemost important person studied in medical history. He helped answer 4 or 5 huge medical questions. |
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| He had both the left and right hippocampus removed. He lost the capacity for storing new information but remembered everything before surgery. Now know about the Hippocampus and what it does. He was the first one to show role of hippocampus in Alzheimers. |
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| What we learned from the Hippocampus |
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1. Alzheimers starts in the hippocampus
2. There is a short term and long term memory
3. memory has two categories: skills and information processing |
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| He published an article that described brain changes of people in great detail. Got a disease named after him. Still use his diagnosing methods |
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| Blockage or rupture in the blood flow of the brain |
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| After stroke, right side paralysis = |
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| After stroke, left side paralysis = |
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| Hempispheric Differences (split the corpos callosum in half) |
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| Split the corpus callosum in cats and was the first to see that both sides of the brain work independently |
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| Serial/linear processing (detail accuracy in math, grammar and speech) |
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| parallel processing (big picture, coordination) |
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| 89-90% of the total population is... |
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| straight wrist when writing = |
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| Hooked wrist when writing = |
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| What Stage of sleep is the deepeest? |
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Infants = 60%
Children = 40%
Adults need 7 and a half to 8 hours of sleep
Elderley = 25% |
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| Examples are tranquilizers and antidepressants. Both negatively effect REM and sleep |
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| very negative sleep. Alcholics REM rebound when stop drinking |
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| What are the 4 categories of Sedative Hypnotics (sleeping pills) |
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Definition
1.Barbiturates
2.Benzodiazepines
3.Non-Benzodiazepines
4.Over the Counter |
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Definition
| (truth serum, anesthetic, and other drug that puts you to sleep) SLOW ACTIVE. Habituation Effect is how the drugs help decreases after long usage |
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| When drug mixes with other drugs (alcohol) can be fatal |
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| Half a dozen drugs in it. Not potentially fatal. FAST ACTING. Good effect only lasts 2 weeks. |
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| Examples are Ambien and Lunesta. FAST ACTING. is not affected by alcohol. Addictive qualities. |
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| Tylenol PM (no neg or pos effects) |
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| Temporary insomnia due to stress |
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| produced by glands. Resets biological clock. Tells you when to go to bed and wake up. Can buy at store. No studies that say it actually promotes sleep. |
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| Dont let a person sleep at all for 3-5 days. Produces huge decrease in being able to focus. No hallucinations. |
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| does not change a persons personality |
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| light tells you the time of day |
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| light, noise, or anything that tells you the time |
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| night is their best time. ages 16-25 (60 to 80%) |
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| wake up early, go to bed early (ages 65+) |
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| Periodic Leg movement in Sleep |
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| lost both hippocampi. Shows many similiarities as H.M. |
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| proves that memory is not fixxed into the brain. The first time you see it it is not automatically fixed into the brain. Memory is falleable. |
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| True or False: Memory involves sight, sound, and smells which are all processed in different sections of the brain. |
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1.Declarative-information processing
2.Procedural-skills,visual-motor tasks |
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| Most of the research on memory has focused on |
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| Short term memory can only hold.. |
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| Memory that is very brief, lasts a few seconds |
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| Memory that is capacity limited and takes rehearsal |
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1.Semantic - all of your memories
2.episotic - memory for events and autobiography |
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| Where you learned something |
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| attention grabbing feature |
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| Only a small percentage of STM ever gets into LTM. LTM storage is promoted by: |
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Definition
1.Rehearsal (voluntary)
2.Novelty (1st time it happened)
3.Interesting/attractive material
4.Associated with major emotional event(Flashbulb Memories) |
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| Notoriously unreliable and do not have a case if you only have an eye-witness |
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| are bogus... its only due to suggestive questioning |
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| Hypnosis Assisted Memories |
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| reports greatly exaggerated |
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| Intelligence is a general characteristic, including skills in... |
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Definition
1.verbal abilities
2.problem solving
3.adaptive function |
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| Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon |
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Definition
| made first IQ test to define intelligence by speed and coordination of movement. Measure MA (mental age) |
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| translated Binet/Simon IQ test to English. Called it sTanford Binet. Made it for kids 5-15. Most frequently sed |
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