Term
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Definition
| gluconeogenesis: create Glucose. Respiration: create CO2, H2O, energy. Fermentation: create ethanol or lactate and some energy |
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Term
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Definition
| NAD+ is recycled by reoxidation of NADH. occurs when oxygen is depleted as in heavy exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| NADH recycled through pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Produces CO2 as byproduct. acetaldehyde is the intermediate |
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Term
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Definition
| hangover chemical. processed by alcohol DH in the body to make acetate. it is more toxic than ethanol. |
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Term
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Definition
| coenzyme that carries acyl groups. similar to biotin. binds lysine. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries acetyl groups by thioester bond. very high energy bond! |
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Term
| 3 stages of aerobic respiration |
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Definition
| 1: breakdown of pyruvate to provide acetyl coA. 2: oxidation of acetyl coA by citric acid cycle for reducing power (NADH and FADH2) 3: ATP production from reducing power by oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
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Definition
| 3 subunits: E1,2,3. 5 coenzymes: TPP (E1), Lipoamide (E2), FAD (E3), CoA (substrate), NAD+ (substrate) |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyses decarboxylation of pyruvate. inhibited by protein phosphorylation at E1 *by ATP*. catalyses oxidation of TPP to acetyllipoamide and transfer to lipoamide. |
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Term
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Definition
| lipoamide cofactor attached to lysine side chain. catalyses formation of Acetyl CoA. transacylation reaction transfers the acetyl from the "swinging arm" of lipoyl to the thiol of coenzyme A. carries out protein phosphorylation. inhibited by Acetyl CoA. |
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Term
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Definition
| flavoprotein (contains FAD). catalyses oxidation of dihydrolipoate back to its lipoate resting state, producing FADH2. Then NAD+ oxidizes FADH2 to FAD and produces NADH + H+ |
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Term
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Definition
| TPP, lipoamide, FAD. regenerated |
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Term
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Definition
| CoA, NAD+. not regenerated |
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Term
| energy charge regulation of PDH |
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Definition
| high energy: down regulated by ATP, Acetyl CoA, NADH. CAC is making ATP, ACETYL COA and NADH are products of PDH. low energy: up regulated by pyruvate, ADP, NAD. |
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