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Definition
| an organized whole. the psychology is about having the tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful whole |
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| diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus, allows us to focus on informative changes, neurons fire less often with constant exposure |
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| predicts how and when we detect weak signals amid background noise. detecting signal strength depends on signal strength, experience, expectations, motivation, and fatigue. |
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| mental predispositions influence our perceptions, expectations for something, immediate context plays a role |
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| figure-ground relationships |
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Definition
| organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from the surrounds (ground) |
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| characteristics of the figure in a scene |
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| principles of perceptual grouping in form perception |
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Definition
| proximity (if close, group), similarity (if similar, group), continuity (smooth patterns, group), connectedness (if joined, group), closure (filled in gaps, group). |
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| ability to see objects in 3D despite 2D retina images |
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| Retinal disparity or binocular cues |
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Definition
| difference b/w images received by each eye (more difference, more clear) |
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| Convergence in binocular cues |
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Definition
| extent of inward turn of eyes (more together, closer object) |
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Term
| Relative Size of monocular cues |
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Definition
| smaller=farther away (boats) |
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Term
| linear perspective in monocular cues |
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Definition
| more convergence=further away (railroad) |
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| texture gradient in monocular cues |
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Definition
| more densely packed=further away (crowd) |
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| interposition in monocular cues |
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Definition
| image that partially blocks view of other=closer (sign blocking building) |
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| relative height in monocular cues |
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Definition
| higher in visual field=further away (tall building) |
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| relative clarity in monocular cues |
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Definition
| more clear=closer (clear sign, blurry building) |
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Term
| motion from changes in size |
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| enlarging=approaching, shrinking=retreating. |
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| movement perceived from slightly varied images (flip book, cartoons) |
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| movement perceived from blinking lights (looks like moving down a line, not just blinking) |
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Term
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Definition
| we perceive objects as unchanging even though the stimuli we receive from it changes. if car is getting bigger, doesn't mean actually getting bigger. if door opens at different points, still same shape. colors in shade are same. |
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Term
| human factors psychologists |
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Definition
| study how people and machines interact, designs machines and appliances that fit our natural perceptions, (should we push or pull?) make confusing things better |
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