Term
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Definition
| A person's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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Term
| Sigmund Freud's Professional Training |
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Definition
| Freud was a physician. Studied the brain. (neurologist) |
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Term
| How did Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics? |
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Definition
| He noticed certain patients symptoms made no neurological sense. So he thought, "Might some neurological disorders have psychological causes?" |
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Term
| Freud's 3 levels of consciousness |
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Definition
Conscious: Ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are aware.
Preconscious: Material that can be easily recalled.
Unconscious: All the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware. The psychology of the “unthunk thought” |
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Term
| Freud level of consciousness, Conscious |
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Definition
| Conscious: Ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are aware of. |
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Term
| Freud level of consciousness, Preconscious |
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Definition
| Preconscious: Material that can be easily recalled. |
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Term
| Freud level of consciousness, Unconscious |
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Definition
| Unconscious: All the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware. |
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Term
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Definition
| Instincts and energies underlying all psychic activity. Entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors. EX: When you are thirsty, it motivates you to drink. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the mind that mediates between the conscious and the Unconscious and is responsible for reality testing and a sense of personal identity. EX:If a person cuts you off in traffic, the ego prevents you from chasing down the car and physically attacking the offending driver. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and your surroundings. EX: If you have to pee, superego says, "I have to find a bathroom." |
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Term
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Definition
| Boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. |
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Term
| Alder's inferiority complex |
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Definition
| Speaks to the problem of self-esteem and its negative effects on human health. |
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Term
| Karen Horney superego strength and gender |
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Definition
| Childhood anxiety caused by the dependent child's sense of helplessness, triggers our desire for love and security. Hated Freud's "penis envy". |
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Term
| Carl Jung Collective Unconscious |
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Definition
| A common reservoir of images derived from our species universal experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| A personality test designed to let a person reveal hidden emotions and internal conflicts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychological test that measures a person's characteristics in a way that is independent of the examiner's own beliefs, usually by the administration of a bank of questions that are marked and compared against exacting scoring mechanisms that are completely standardized, much in the same way that examinations are administered. (multiple choice) |
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Term
| Maslow: Characteristics of self-actualized people |
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Definition
| Acceptance and Realism, Problem-centering, Spontaneity, Autonomy and Solitude, Continued Freshness of Appreciation, and Peak Experiences. |
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Term
| Carl Rogers; genuineness and unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
| A humanistic psychologist;agreed with most of what Maslow believed; for a person to "grow", they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood). |
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Term
| Why was Factor analysis used in theoretical development? |
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Definition
| Generates reliable info on 2 variables so that a theory may be created. |
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Term
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Definition
Openness to experience-(inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience.
Conscientiousness–(efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior.
Extraversion–(outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved). Energy, positive emotions, surgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.
Agreeableness–(friendly/compassionate vs. cold/unkind). A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others.
Neuroticism–(sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident). A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability. |
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Term
| What is personality inventory? |
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Definition
| A type of questionnaire designed to reveal the respondent's personality traits. |
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Term
| Person-situation controversy |
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Definition
So this ideas suggests that traits are not good predictors of behaviors.
For example, a person may have an aggressive trait, but not act aggressively in every situation they encounter, so the trait is not a good predictor.
Learning from others;requires no reinforcement. |
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Term
| External locus of control |
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Definition
| A belief that one's destiny is controlled by factors outside, and beyond the control of, the individual. |
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Term
| Internal locus of control |
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Definition
| A belief that one's destiny is largely controlled by the self. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates to an overabundance of incoming information into the senses. |
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Term
| Social cognitive approach to assessment |
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Definition
| We learn many of our behaviors through conditioning or observing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blockade yourself from negative influence for the sake of feeling good about yourself. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed. It is thought to be one of the underlying causes of depression. |
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Term
| Twenge, Why called Generation me? |
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Definition
| Today's generation expresses more narcissism. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to acquiring knowledge that emphasizes direct observation and experimentation as a way of answering questions |
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Term
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Definition
| Founder of scientific psychology in 1879. Had first lab in Germany. |
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Term
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Definition
| A statistical procedure for determining whether there is a relationship between two variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematically manipulate the independent variable to determine the effect upon the dependent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Receives messages from other cells/neurons. |
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Term
| Neuron Anatomy: Cell body |
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Definition
| Where info is stored, the cell's life support center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Impulses travel through it to reach the synapse. |
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Term
| Neuron Anatomy: Myelin sheath |
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Definition
| Fatty coating around axon. Speeds up transmissions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory neuron, sends impulses inward to brain. |
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Term
| What are 3 types of neurons? |
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Definition
| Afferent, efferent, and interneuron |
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Term
| What speeds up neural transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of neuron communication? |
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Definition
1. Electrical signal travels down axon.
2. Neurotransmitters are released
3. Neurotransmitters bind to receptor site on other neuron/cell.
4.Signal is picked up by other neuron/cell and is ether passed along or halted.
5. Signal also picked up by original neuron which starts reuptake, neurotransmitter takes back some remaining molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor neuron, sends impulses outward from brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. |
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Term
| Developmental psychologists study what three areas of change |
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Definition
| Developmental psychologists study physical, mental, and social changes throughout the life span. The three major issues are the relative influence of nature (heredity) and nurture (experience); whether development is a continuous processor a series of discrete stages; and whether personality is stable or changes as we age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget proposed that children’s reasoning develops in a series of stages, and that children actively construct and modify their understanding of the world as they interact with it. They form schemas (concepts or frameworks for organizing experience).They then assimilate (interpret) information by means of these schemas, or—if the information does not conform to the schema—they accommodate (adjust) the schema to incorporate the new information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by being taught. |
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Term
| What is the results of the Conditioning process? |
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Definition
| The conditioning process remains important today for numerous applications, including behavioral modification and mental health treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sometimes it is automatic, but often it is effortful, like studying |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking that is nonconscious, unintentional, involuntary, and effortless. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning or storing that requires attention and effort. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of retrieving information or events from the past while lacking a specific cue to help in retrieving the information |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of remembering characterized by a feeling of familiarity when something previously experienced is again encountered. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of goal-directed behavior. |
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