Term
|
Definition
| sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimuli from enviorment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how we understand the stimuli organizing and interpreting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of the stimuli that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the level of the brain and mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information processions guided by the higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations--cannot relate stored knowledge to sensory output, recognition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience to them--physical characteristics to brain function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when stimuli are below absolute threshold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum difference between 2 stimuli required from detection 50% of the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to perceive as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum %--- light 8%, weight 2%, tone .3% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in sensation, transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses |
|
|
Term
| spectrum of electromagnetic energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance from peak of one wave to the peak of the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dimienstion of color determined by the wavelength of light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high frequency, high pitch, and blue color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low frequency, low pitch, red color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brightness--amount of energy in a wave determined by the amplitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transparent tissue where light enters the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of the opening (pupil) for light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by whici the eye's lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on the retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the light sensative inner surface of theeye, containg receptor rods and cones tha process visual info and sends it to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries neural inpluses from the eye to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point where the optic nerve leaves the eye because there are no receptor cells located there. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central spot in teh retina around which the eyes cones cluster |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help you see in the dark, gray and white (peripheral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help you see in the light, color (concentrated near retina) detect fine detail |
|
|
Term
| visual information processing |
|
Definition
| optic nerve connects to the thalamus which connects to the visual cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve cells in the visual cortex that responds to specific features such as shape, angles, or movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific combinations of temporal lobes activity occur as people look at shoes, faces, chairs, and houses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| processing of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously (bird) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suggest ut cibtaubs 3 receptors tha are sensitive to red blue and green |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compressing and expanding ait molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determined by wavelength, same as vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collects and sends sounds to eardrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentrates vibration and sends to oval window on cochlea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain cochlea, semi circular canals, and vestibluar sacs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coiled bony fluid filled tube which souinds waves trigger nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals of allows them to pass on to the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when one sense affects another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smell is a chemical sense with many many forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sense of body parts' positions/movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head (and body's) position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from surroundings(ground) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grouping nearby figures together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group similar figures together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perceive smooth continuous patterns instead of discontinous ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uniform and linked we perceive as a single unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filling in gaps to make a complete whole object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enables us to judge distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| images from the two eyes differ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one tht casts a small retinal image to be farther away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects that block other objects tend to be perceived as closer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we perceive objects that are higher in our field of vision to be farther away than those that are lower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects closer to a fixation point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farter away from a fixation point, moving slower and in the same direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parallel lines appear to converge in teh distance. more lines converged, farther away (hallway painting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nearby pbjects reflect more light into our eyes than more distand objects. (2 objects, the dimmer seems farther away) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nearby pbjects reflect more light into our eyes than more distand objects. (2 objects, the dimmer seems farther away) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color even when changing illumination filter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color even when changing illumination filter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kittens and lines...no horizontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the google hand shake picture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience -- more flexible than animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 stimulus with another -- 1 response with a consequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural stimulus is paired with a response untill it illicits its own response (dog salivating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (food) a stimulus that automatically triggers a response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (salivating for food) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originally irrelevant stimulus (tone) that, after association with US, triggers a conditioned response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned response (food for tone) to a previously neutral CS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inital learning stage in classical conditioning in which association between a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus takes place -- neutral must come first -- .5 sec between stimuli (the act of tone, food, salivate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the US doesnt follow CS, response decreases (tone with no food) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after a rest period, an extinguished CR spontaneuosly recovered. WILL BE STRONGER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the learned abiulity to distinguish between a CS and some other stimulus that do not signal an US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| association between behaviors and the resulting events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewarded behavior is likely to occur again |
|
|
Term
| operant chamber (skinners box) |
|
Definition
| comes with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a reinforcer like food or water. bar records animals response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reiforcers guide behaviors toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innately reinforcing stimulus like food or drink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a learned reinforcer that gets its reinforcing power through association w/ primary reinforcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iccurs instantly after a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delayed sometime for a specific behaviors (pay check) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforces each time desired response occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only reinforces part of the time (shows greater resistences to extinction later on) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforces a response only after specified numbers of resonses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reiforces at impredictable times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforces a response only after a specified time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforces at unpredictable times, slower steady response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an adverse event that decreases teh behavior it follows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| desire to preform for self |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| desire to preform for rewards or to aviod punishment |
|
|
