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Definition
| active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable |
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| the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use |
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Definition
| when people persist in using problem solving strategies that have worked in the past |
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| when people suddenly discover the correct solution to a problem after struggling with it for a while |
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Definition
| a guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in solving problems or making decisions |
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| trying possible solutions sequentially and discarding those that are in error until one works |
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Definition
| selecting the alternative at each choice point that appears to lead most directly to one's goal |
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Definition
| evaluating alternatives and making choices among them |
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| Theory of Bounded Rationality |
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Definition
| people tend to use simple strategies in decision making that focus on only a few facet of available options and often result in "irrational" decisions that re less than optimal |
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Definition
| making choices under conditions of uncertainty |
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| basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind |
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| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Definition
| basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event |
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Term
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Definition
| when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone |
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Definition
| the belief that the odds of a chance event increase if the event hasn't occurred recently |
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Term
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Definition
| if one of two alternatives is recognized and the other is not, the recognized alternative has a higher value |
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Term
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Definition
| ability displayed by the "typical" child of that chronological age |
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Term
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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Definition
mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100
(MA/CA)*100 |
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Term
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Definition
| a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in the population |
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Term
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Definition
| scores that locate respondents precisely within the normal distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| scores that locate respondents precisely within the normal distribution |
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Definition
| the percentage of people who score at or bellow the score one has obtained |
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Definition
| the measurement of consistency of a test |
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Definition
| numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables |
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Definition
| the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure |
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Definition
| an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically determined limits on IQ (or other traits) |
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Term
| Logical-Math-Ematical Intelligence |
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Definition
| sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitivity to the different functions of language |
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Definition
| abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| capacities to perceive the visual-spacial world accurately and to perform transformations on one's initial perceptions |
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| Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence |
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Definition
| abilities to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully |
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| Interpersonal Intelligence |
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Definition
| capacities to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people |
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Term
| Intrapersonal Intelligence |
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Definition
| access to one's own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behavior; knowledge of one's own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences |
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Term
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Definition
| abilities to recognize and categorize objects and processes in nature |
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Definition
| the generation of ideas that are original, novel, and useful |
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Definition
| where one tries to narrow down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer |
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Definition
| where one tries to expand the range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| when a hypothetical, abstract concept is given a name and then treated as though it were a concrete, tangible object |
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