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| a visible or invisible difference between one individual and other members of a population (4.1) |
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| diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of species, all of which are differently adapted (4.3) |
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body parts in different species that have a similar function but evolved separately; for example insect and bird wings; compare homologous structures 4.2) |
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| the study of the past and present geographical distribution of species (4.2) |
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| factor such as behaviour that keeps species reproductively isolated even when they exist in the same region (4.3) |
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| the development of one or more new species from a parent species as a result of mutation and adaptation to changing environmental conditions; the parent species continues to exist; compare transformation (4.3) |
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remains and traces of past life found in sedimentary rock, which reveals the hitory of life on Earth and the kinds of organisms that were alive in the past (4.2) |
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| in evolution, the theory that change occurs slowly and steadily in a linear fashion, and that large changes occur through the accumulation of many small changes (4.3) |
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| body parts in different species that have the same evolutionary origin and structural elements but may have a different function )e.g., bat wing, human arm, dolphin flipper); compare analogous structures (4.2) |
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| a permanent change in a cell's DNA; includes changes in nucleotide sequence, alteration of gene position, gene loss, or duplication and insertion of foreign sequences; an inheritable mutation has the potential to affect an entire gene pool (4.1) |
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| process whereby the characteristics of a population of organisms change over time because individuals with certain heritable traits survive specific local environmental conditions and, through reproduction, pass on their traits to their offspring (4.1) |
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| the study of ancient life through the examination of fossils (4.2) |
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model that suggests that evoluntionary history consists of long periods of stasis (stable equilibrium), punctuated by periods of divergence (4.3) |
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| term used by George Cuvier to describe the idea that Earth experienced many destructive natural events, such as floods and volcanic eruptions, in the past that were violent enough to have killed numerous species each time they occurred (4.2) |
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| general statement that explains and makes successful predications about a broad range of observations; usually based on hypotheses that consistently lead to successful predictions and explanations (4.2) |
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| Theory of Evolution By Natural Selection |
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| a well-supported, widely accepted explanation of how species have changed, and continue to change, during Earth's history as a result of natural selection (4.2) |
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| the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism that shows intermediary links between groups of organisms and shares characteristics common to these groups (4.2) |
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