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21
Social Studies
8th Grade
04/12/2012

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Term
The Great Awakening(:
Definition
  • Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached ideas that went against Puritan beliefs and teachings.
  • JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.
  • This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion. The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the 
Term
Benjamin Franklin[image]
Definition
Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father
1706 – 1790
Published  Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies
Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life
Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence
Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War
Considered to be the “first civilized American”
Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove
Term
William Penn[image]
Definition
William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.
Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.
Term
Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America
Definition
Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs.
Term
Major Eras and Events In U.S. History – Colonial America
Definition
Exploration and Colonization
Establishment of the 13 colonies
Representative Democracy
Mercantilism
Religious Freedom
Term
What are some reasons for
European Exploration
Definition
Reasons for Exploration:
Religion
Wealth
Fame
National pride
Curiosity
Faster, cheaper trade routes to Asia
Term
What Are Some Reasons For European Colonization Of North America!
Definition
Reasons for Colonization:
Religious freedom
Political freedom
Economic opportunity (mercantilism)
Social mobility
A better way of life
Term
Political Reasons For Establishing The 13 English Colonies!
Definition
Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:
Political
Competition with Spain and France who already had many colonies in North America
Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism)
Source of raw materials
Term
Social reasons for establishing
the 13 English
Colonies.
Definition
Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:
Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life
England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land
Term
Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the Colonial Period
Definition
Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order
Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)
Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws
Term
How did Religion and Virtue Contribute To The Growth Of Representative Government In The American Colonies.
Definition
Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies.
Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.
Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government.
Term
Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period
Definition
Slaves During the Colonial Period:
Political – no political voice; no rights
Economic – labor of the Plantation System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents
Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity
Term
Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period
Definition
Free Blacks During the Colonial Period:
Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights
Economic – low wage earners
Social – lowest social class; limited access to education; socially isolated
Term
Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization.
Definition
Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created
Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida
Term
1607
Definition
Year in which representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America at  Jamestown, Virginia.
Term
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Definition
First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave the document credibility.
Term
Mayflower Compact.
Definition
Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule.
A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in
the colonies. 
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
Economic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies.
The more gold and
silver a nation has
determine its
wealth.
Term
Slave Trade!
Definition
The Buying And Selling Of Millions Of Africans To North America.
Term
Triangular Trade Route.
Definition
Trade route from:
Europe→Africa
Africa→West Indies
West Indies→Europe
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