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Purines, Pyrimidines, and Nucleic Acid
Biochem Lect. 1
24
Biochemistry
Graduate
10/28/2011

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Term
2 Purines, 3 Pyrimidines
Definition
Adenine and Guanine
Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
Term
Nucleotides are
Definition
phosphorylated nucleosides, they have high energy bonds (Anhydride)
Term
phosphodiester bond
Definition
3'c of one nucleotide linked to a 5'C of another
Term
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Definition
5' cal and poly A tail
extensive base pairing
cloverleaf structure with unusual nucleotides and anticodon
Term
Chargaff's rule
Definition
[A=T or U] & [G=C] compositional ratio
Term
Major and minor grooves are where?
Definition
control proteins bind
Term
Base Stacking- How are things oriented with in the strand?
Definition
bases on the inside, sugars in the middle, phosphates on the outside. (free o2 gives - charge)
Term
B from DNA
Definition
right-handed, 3.4 A, 10.4 bp/turn
Term
A form
Z form
Definition
more compact, DNA/RNA hybrid, 2.3 A, 11 bp/turn
ZigZag, left handed, 3.8A, 2 bp/turn
Term
AZT (Zidovudine) does what?
Definition
It is an analogue of deoxythymine but lacks 3'OH so it can't be incorporated into the DNA. (AIDS)
Term
5-FU does what?
Definition
Analogue of Uracil and Thymine, used in chemo-therapies and Inhibits Thymine synthesis.
Term
Human haploid cells have _ autosomes and _ sex chromosome.
Diploid cells have _ autosomes and _ or_.
Definition
22 and 1
44 and XY OR XX
Term
DNA is wound around _ to form _.
Definition
Histone proteins, nucleosomes.
Term
Histone is? and Made of what?
How much DNA is wrapped around it?
Definition
Small basic proteins with Arginine and Lysine.
2 molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
These for the core and 140 bp.
Term
Histone H1 does what?
Definition
joins one nucleosome to the next (bead on a string)
Term
Ribozyme?
Definition
precursor of rRNA. Remove internal segments of themselves, splicing ends together.
Term
Telomeres are? and do?
Definition
~1000 copies of TTAGGG added by telomerase enzyme.
Helps stop shortening of the end of a chromosome due to replication.
Term
SNRP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein)
Definition
splicing and modification reactions
Term
hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA)
Definition
pre-mRNA before processing
Term
Prokayotic Ribosomes and subunits
Definition
70s - 50s (5s) + 30s (16s)
Term
Eukaryotic Ribosome and subunits
Definition
80s = 60s (5s) + 40s (18s)
mitochondrial ribosomes similiar to prok.
Term
Prokaryotic mRNA
Shine Dalgarno
Definition
polycstronic - multiple genes
before every coding region
Term
Eukaryotic mRNA
5' cap and Poly A tail
Definition
monocistronic - single gene
(Methylated guanosine cap) added post transcritionally
Term
Modified nucleotides of tRNA
Definition
pseudouridine, dihydrouridine and ribothymidine
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