Term
|
Definition
| Need more of the drug to kill the bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Build up. Need more for same response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More of the drug is coming in than going out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1+1=3. The effect is > either by itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1)"Cidal" v. "static" 2)Broad Spectrum, Selective Toxicity 3)Increased half life 4)No resistance 5)Inexpensive. |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Antibiotic Action |
|
Definition
| 1)Cell Wall Inhibition 2)Cell Membrane Inhibition 3)Inhibit Protein Synthesis 4)Inhibit DNA Synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Factors Effecting Drug Therapy |
|
Definition
| 1)Type of Infection 2)Location 3)Presence of Other Diseases 4)Immune Status 5)Allergy Status. |
|
|
Term
| General Principals of Antibody Therapy |
|
Definition
| 1)Establish presence of Infection 2)Establish need to treat 3)begin empiric therapy 4)Organism ID, C&S 5)Evaluate & adjust initial therapy. 6)Outcomes (success or failure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1)A mixed infection 2)A synergistic effect 3)Life threatening (Sepsis) 4)Delay the development of resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Penicillin works to inhibit cell wall synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gram Positive are only effected. |
|
|
Term
| Advantages of Penicillin G: |
|
Definition
| 1)Useful for most common infections 2)Safe 3)Inexpensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Penicillin G lyses cell walls. That is unique to bacteria. Humans don't have cell walls. |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin G Side Effects |
|
Definition
| 1)5-10% have allergies 2)Thrombocytopenia (decrease in platelets) 3)Central nervous system stimulant 4)False positive Coomb's reaction 5)Jarish-Herxhelmer reaction. |
|
|
Term
| Jarish-Herxhelmer Reaction |
|
Definition
| Toxins from lysed cells goes into blood stream. |
|
|
Term
| Procaine Penicillin G (Wycillin) |
|
Definition
| Only IM, 12 hours 1/2 life, dissolves slower. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| **Longest Acting** Very long 1/2 life, 1 to 2 weeks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also know as Pen Vee, V-Cillin K, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin V side effects: |
|
Definition
| Same as prototype Penicillin G. |
|
|
Term
| Extended Spectrum Penicillin Prototype: |
|
Definition
| Ampcillin (Amcill, Polycillin, Principen, Ominpen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extended spectrum. Now Gram Negative organisms and Gram Positive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same as Penicillin G. Inc. skin rashes, inc. diarrhea, thrush, UTIs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Just like ampcillin (same thing) but more highly protein bound and longer 1/2 life. |
|
|
Term
| Amoxicillin is also know as: |
|
Definition
| Polymox, Larotid, Amoxil. |
|
|
Term
| Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins (Anti-Staph) are for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins prototype is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methicillin (Staphcillin) is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins... |
|
Definition
| Are broad spectrum. Cover Gram Positive and Gram Negative. |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins prototype is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Know as Geopen. Not acid stable. IV only. |
|
|
Term
| When using Penicillins, what should you know about allergies? |
|
Definition
| Explore what type of allergic reaction. You don't want to take away the most powerful antibiotic just because of a skin rash. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beta Lactam antibiotics very similar to Penicillin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is bactericidal. |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins prototype: |
|
Definition
| Cefazolin/Kefzol. AKA Ancef. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cephalexin (Keflex). Acid stable and can be taken orally. |
|
|
Term
| Second Generation Cephalosporins: |
|
Definition
| Cefoxitin (Mefoxin - used during c-section through umb. cord), Cefaclor (Ceclor). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reserved for life threatening infections (they are toxic) |
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides indications: |
|
Definition
| Drug of choice to treat pseudomonas (via IV). |
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides side effects and precautions: |
|
Definition
| 1)Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) 2)Ototoxicity (balance/motion sickness; cochlear is irreversible) 3)Neuromuscular Blockage (rapid IV push results in respiratory paralysis if too fast). |
|
|
Term
| Types of Aminoglycosides: |
|
Definition
| Gentamycin (Garamycin) and Tobramicin (Nebcin). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First truly broad spectrum antibiotic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad spectrum - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. |
|
|
Term
| Tetracyclines side effects: |
|
Definition
| Photo-sensitivity, Esophageal ulceration. |
|
|
Term
| Tetracyclines special considerations: |
|
Definition
| 1)Age 2)Pregnancy 3)Dairy Products/Food 4)Minerals (Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, etc.) 5)Tetracycline + Penicillin 6)Outdated products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tetracycline (Tetrex, Achromycin, Tetracyn) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alternative to Penicillin for Staph. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythromycins side effects: |
|
Definition
| GI upset in 1 out of 3 patients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erythromycin Base (E-Mycin, Ilotycin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First synthetic antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonamides side effects: |
|
Definition
| 1)Photo-sensitivity 2)Crystaluria (Crystals in urine) 3)Allergy 5% of patients 4)GI upset 5)Stevens-Johnson syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole |
|
Definition
|
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