Term
| Name 3 pathogenic fungi that cause systemic dz. |
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Definition
| histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes |
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Term
| Name 4 opportunistic fungi causing systemic dz. |
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Definition
| Candida, cryptococcus, aspergillus, pneumocystis |
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Term
| Which type will only infect immunocompromised pts? |
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Definition
| opportunistic - pathogenic will infect healthy also |
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Term
| What is the common name of histoplasmosis? what is the etiologic agent? |
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Definition
| Cave fever, histoplasma capsulatum |
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Term
| Where is the fungi found? |
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Definition
| moist acidic soil high in N content and in bat and bird habitats, endemic in OH, MO, and MS river valleys |
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Term
| What are the clinical findings in acute pulmonary infxn in histoplasmosis? |
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Definition
| 90% asymptomatic, can have HA, malaise, myalagia, abd pain, dyspnea, arthralgia/arthritis w/ erythema nodosum in 5-10% of pts |
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Term
| What is seen on CXR in acute infxn? |
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Definition
| pneumonitis w/ enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes, poss hepatosplenomegaly |
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Term
| Clinical findings in chronic infxn? |
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Definition
| cough, dyspnea, low fever, wt loss, rales, wheezes |
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Term
|
Definition
| pleural thickening, upper lobe infiltrates, cavitation (hemoptysis, sputum, increased dyspnea) |
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Term
| Clinical finding in progressive disseminated infxn? |
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Definition
| fever, worsening cough, dyspnea, malaise, wt loss, hepatosplenomegaly, all organs involved inc. adrenal glands, GI sx, cutaneous or oropharyngeal ulcers |
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Term
| Who is progressive disseminated infxns most often seen in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gold standard test for dx of histoplasmosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can histoplasmosis affect the eye? |
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Definition
| 1-10% of pts have presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. Macula involvement can cause blindness |
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Term
| How is histoplasmosis tx? |
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Definition
| nothing if self-limiting. Acute or chronic itraconazole |
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Term
| How is progressive disseminated tx? |
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Definition
| amphotericin B then itraconazole |
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Term
| How is ocular histoplasmosis tx? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| lifelong itraconazole therapy |
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Term
| What is the etiologic agent responsible for blastomycosis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is this fungi found? |
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Definition
| warm, moist soil of wooded areas deep in organic and/or decaying debris. Endemic in OH and MS river valleys and great salt lakes areas |
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Term
| What group most often gets blastomycosis? |
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Definition
| middle-aged men w/ outdoor occupations |
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Term
| Clinical and CXR findings in acute infxn of blastomycosis? |
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Definition
| Abrupt onset F/C, cough, dyspnea, pleuritic CP. CXR: alveolar infiltrates w/ consolidation |
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Term
| Clinical findings/CXR in chronic infxn? |
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Definition
| F/C, productive cough, hemoptysis, wt loss. alveolar infiltrations w/ or w/o cavitations, mass lesions, fibronodular infiltrates |
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Term
| What are the most common extrapulmonary sites of blastomycosis in order? |
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Definition
| Skin, Bones, Prostate, Meninges and brain |
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Term
| What is the tx of choice? What is used for tx failures or cases w/ CNS involvement? |
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Definition
| Itraconazole, amphotericin B |
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Term
| what is the common name and etiologic agent for coccidiomycosis? |
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Definition
| Valley fever, coccidioides immitis |
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Term
| Where is the fungi located? |
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Definition
| sandy alkaline soil w/ increased salinity, endemic SW US |
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Term
| What are the clinical findings in primary pulmonary infections? |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic in 60%, F/C, pleuritic CP, cough, wt loss, arthragia, myalgia, erythema nodosum |
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Term
|
Definition
| may show progressive interstitial changes , w/ fibrosis, nodular densities, and inflammatione |
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Term
| Who is susceptible for disseminated dz? |
|
Definition
| filipinos, blacks, pregnant women |
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Term
| Clinical signs and CXR in disseminated dz? |
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Definition
| F/C, night sweats, dyspnea at rest, cough, wt loss. CXR - hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pleural effusions, pneumothorax |
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Term
| What is the most definitive test for dx of coccidioidomycosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common finding on CXR in coccidoidomycosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common etiology of aspergillosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the natural reservoir for aspergillosis? |
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Definition
| decomposing plant material and bedding |
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Term
| Name 4 lung syndromes caused by aspergillosis. |
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Definition
| Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis |
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Term
| What is the halo sign on CT scan? What is it indicative of? |
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Definition
| area of ground glass infiltrate surrounding nodular densities. Aspergillosis |
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