Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| definition of pulmonary HTN |
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Definition
| mean PA pressure >25mmHg at rest or >30mmHg at exercise |
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Term
| pre-capillary causes of pulmonary HTN (4) |
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Definition
| diseases affecting pulmonary aa., lung diseases, external compression, hypoventilation |
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Term
| post-capillary causes of pulmonary HTN (2) |
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Definition
| left heart disease, veno-occlusive disease |
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Term
| PWCP - PA > 10mmHg -> pre or post capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| PWCP - PA < 5mmHg -> pre or post capillary? |
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Definition
| post--specifically heart disease |
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Term
| PWCP - PA = normal -> pre or post capillary? |
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Definition
| post--specifically, veno-occlusive disease |
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Term
| 10% of pulmonary HTN cases; caused by defect in BMPR2 gene; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| epidemiology of primary pulmonary HTN |
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Definition
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Term
| most common causes of pulmonary HTN (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| how do kyphoscoliosis and sleep apnea cause pulmonary HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| histological characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary HTN (4) |
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Definition
| plexiform lesions, medial hypertrophy, intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis of medium-size aa. |
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Term
| when BMPR2 is not the cause, what pathogeneses contribute to pulmonary HTN? (3) |
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Definition
| endothelial dysfunction, dysfunctional K+ channels, vasoactive amines |
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Term
| which endothelin-1 receptor causes vasoconstriction? vasodilation? |
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Definition
| ETA -> vasoconstriction; ETB -> vasodilation |
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Term
| how does K+ channel dysfunction cause pulmonary HTN? |
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Definition
| K+ channel dysfunction -> increase intracellular Ca++ -> increase vascular tone |
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Term
| what factors increase pulmonary a. pressure? (3) |
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Definition
| increased CO (volume/pressure overload), increased PVR (obstruction, vasoconstriction), and increase LA pressure (left heart disease) |
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Term
| how does left-to-right shunt contribute to pulmonary HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does a large LA myxoma contribute to pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does COPD, high altitude, and hypoventilation contribute to pulmonary HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| diseases that obliterate pulmonary vasculature (4) |
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Definition
| thrombo-embolism, vasculitis, emphysema, extrinsic compression |
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Term
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Definition
| primary, familial, congenital, portal HTN, infection; always a candidate for advanced therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| left heart disease; always work up for thrombo-embolic disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thrombo-embolic disease; dx via V/Q scan |
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Term
| pt presents with pulmonary HTN, vasculitis, skin lesions, low DLCO but normal PFTs; what group does this belong in? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 symptoms that are uncommon in pulmonary HTN |
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Definition
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Term
| gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary HTN |
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Definition
| right heart catheterization to measure PA pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| JVD, ascites, edema, hepatomegaly, RV heave, tricuspid regurge, loud P2, fixed S2 split, elevated BNPs |
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Term
| what treatment is recommended for all groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| treatments that improve survival (4) |
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Definition
| warfarin, O2, Ca++ channel blockers in responders, epoprostenol |
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Term
| what defines a "responder" |
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Definition
| administer adenosine, epoprostenol or NO; pt is a responder if mean PA drops more than 10mmHg to less than 40mmHg |
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Term
| Ca++ channel blockers used to tx responders (3) |
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Definition
| diltiazem, nifedipine, amlodipine |
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Term
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Definition
| epoprostenol, treprostinil, ilioprost |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| non selective endothelial receptor antagonist |
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Definition
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Definition
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