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Pulmonary Emergencies- CH30
Mosby's Paramedic Textbook 3ED-R
58
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2012

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Cards

Term
This is the key prevention strategy for avoiding respiratory illness
Definition
smoking prevention
Term
This is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs
Definition
Ventilation
Term
Define diffusion
Definition
it is the process of gas exchange
Term
define perfusion
Definition
the process of circulation of the blood through the lung tissues
Term
what is hemoptysis
Definition
coughing up blood
Term
Related to oxygen saturation, what is tachycardia a sign of?
Definition
hypoxemia
Term
Thick green, brown sputum may indicate what?
Definition
pneumonia
Term
thick yellow or pale gray sputum may indicate what
Definition
inflammatory or allergic cause
Term
pink frothy sputum is associated with what
Definition
late stages of pulmonary edema
Term
This is a sign of right sided heart failure secondary to severe pulmonary congestion
Definition
JVD
Term
What is clubbing of the fingers and what does it indicate
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the ends of the fingers that indicates longstanding hypoxemia
Term
What causes carpopedal spasms
Definition
hypocapnia associated with hyperventilation
Term
These two diseases together are referred to as COPD
Definition
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Term
What diseases make up obstructive airway disease
Definition
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
Term
What is chronic bronchitis characterized by
Definition
an increase in number and size of mucus producing glands
Term
This respiratory disease is caused by longtime exposure to irritants most commonly cigarette smoke
Definition
chronic bronchitis
Term
How is chronic bronchitis dx
Definition
sputum production for at least 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years
Term
What disease causes a blue bloater
Definition
chronic bronchitis
Term
What is broncheisctasis
Definition
an abnormal dilation of the bronchi caused by pus producing infection of the bronchial wall
Term
This respiratory disease causes an increase in red blood cells
Definition
bronchitis
Term
what is polycythemia
Definition
an increased production of red blood cells- this is bad because it makes the blood more viscous resulting in more strokes and heart attacks
Term
What is emphysema
Definition
permanent enlargemnt of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, destructino of the alveoli and the collapse of the alveoli
Term
Patients with this respiratory disease often develop bullae
Definition
Emphysema
Term
define bullae and whats the problem with them?
Definition
thin walled cystic lesions in the lung- when they rupture they often lead to pneumothorax
Term
What are common complaints for COPD exacerbation patients
Definition
extreme shortness of breath, increased sputum production, malaise, inability to sleep, and recurrent headaches
Term
what are signs of right atrial enlargement
Definition
tall peaked p waves in leads II,III, AVF
Term
Why is needle decompression dangerous in a asthma patient with suspected pneumothorax
Definition
The patient might have a hyper inflated lung with low compliance making it look like a pneumothorax. if you needle D the patient you could actually cause a pneumothorax by puncturing the lung
Term
What is meant by near fatal asthma
Definition
high intra-thoratic pressures reduces preload and cardiac output as seen with a severe drop in systolic blood pressure
Term
What part of the airway is obstructed if inspiratory wheezing is heard
Definition
the large and midsize muscular airways are obstructed
Term
If a patient with a severely obstructed airway is but is still able to breath, would you expect his Petco2 levels to be low or high
Definition
high expect greater than 45 mmHg
Term
What is status asthmaticus
Definition
sever prolonged asthma attack that has not been broken with repeated doses of bronchodilators
Term
How is pneumonia spread
Definition
by respiratory droplets, contact, or beathing in ones own bacteria from one's own nose and mouth
Term
what are the different types of pneumonia
Definition
viral, bacterial, mycoplasma, or aspiration type
Term
what are S&S of typical pneumonia
Definition
productive cough, pleuritic chest pain, and fever that produces "shaking chills"
Term
What is the most common type of viral pneumonia
Definition
Influenza A and often happens in small population groups
Term
what is the most common type of bacterial pneumonia
Definition
streptococcus bacteria
Term
What type of bacteria causes mycoplasmal pneumonia and how does it start
Definition
mycoplasmal bacteria and starts with a upper respiratory infection
Term
what is the most common type of patient that gets aspiration pneumonia
Definition
patients with a decreased LOC
Term
pneumonitis refers to this type of pneumonia
Definition
aspiration pneumonia
Term
what are the physiological effects of aspiration pneumonia based on
Definition
they are based on the pH and volume of the substance
Term
What is ARDS characterized by
Definition
acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar capillary injury resulting in severe pulmonary edema
Term
What are the s&s of Ards
Definition
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema-severe and noncompliant lungs
Term
what does PEEP stand for?
Definition
Positive end expiratory pressure
Term
why does ARDS have such a high mortality rate?
Definition
complications from ARDS are cardiac dysrhythmias, disseminated intravascular coagulation, barotrauma, chf and renal failure
Term
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation
Definition
it is a interruption of the normal clotting process resulting in mico emboli formation
Term
What respiratory disease causes the Chinese to wear respiratory masks constantly
Definition
SARS- severe acute respiratory syndrome
Term
What is the resistance of CPAP measured in
Definition
cm H2O
Term
What is the benefits(3) of BiPAP
Definition
It allows the patient to exhale easier, it is leak tolerant and decreased the need for intubation
Term
What are the most common sites of thrombosis formation
Definition
deep veins of the legs and pelvis
Term
what are s&s of PE
Definition
dyspnea, cough, pain, syncope, hypotension, tacypnea, tachycardia JVD, pleuritic pain, crackles and wheezing
Term
what are the structures of the upper airway
Definition
nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx and larynx
Term
is croup a upper or lower airway infection
Definition
upper
Term
what is the key action for prevention the spread of respiratory infections
Definition
hand washing and covering the mouth and nose when coughing.
Term
What is the primary reason for spontaneous pneumos
Definition
a ruptured bleb
Term
what are the most common characteristics of an individual who gets a spontaneous pneumo
Definition
men between 20-40 who are tall, thin, with long narrow chests
Term
What might be a reason for a secondary spontaneous pneumo
Definition
COPD, AIDS, drug abusers
Term
what is the most common cause of lung cancer
Definition
cigarette smoking
Term
where does most abnormal cell growth happen in lung cancer
Definition
in the bronchi or bronchioles
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