Term
| Pulmonary Delivery (PD) adv |
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Definition
avoid first pass (increase F)
rapid onset (increased SA)
reduced dose and S/E
convenient
metered dose (improved compliances)
stable and secure |
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Term
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Definition
expensive
disposal
propellant toxicity (ozone)
irritation |
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Term
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Definition
| filter air and sallow the particles |
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Term
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Definition
anaesthesia
Asthma and COPD (B2 agonist, cortico, mast cell stabilisers
Cystic fibrosis: acetycysteine, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease
pulmonary infections: Relenza for flu, pentamidine for HIV |
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Term
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Definition
| hard to get more than 20% of dose in lungs therefore particle size is important. |
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Term
| remove air from inhaled air |
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Definition
inertial forces
gravity/sedimentation, diffusion |
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Term
| physiochemical aerosol characteristics |
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Definition
particle size/diameter
particle size/diameter variability
charge
respiratory tract anatomy/physiology
variability (disease changes)
surface properties
extent of aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
conducting zone: trachea, to terminal bronchioles
Transitional and respiratory zones: respiratory bronchioles and aveoli |
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Term
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Definition
electrostatic attraction
interception
impaction
gravitational settling
Brownian diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
Liqueifed gas
compressed gas |
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Term
| Liquefied gases used in MDI are: |
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Definition
CFCs also known as freons
HC
HFCs
HFAs |
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Term
| Compressed gases used in oxygen tanks |
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Definition
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Term
| liquefied gas propellant properties |
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Definition
gas at RT and AT
liquid at increase pressure and discharge
pressure the same regardless of half empty or full
VP; is higher in MDI than surface sprays
VP uses ROAULTS law or DALTONS law to control it |
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Term
| nomenclature of CFC and HFC |
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Definition
1= C atom -1 (omitted if 0)
2= H atoms + 1
3= F atoms
a= letter added to ID isomers |
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Term
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Definition
Bp -30 to +24
high VP= fine mist
Low VP= surface spray
non flammable
low toxicity
good stability
poor solvents
pollution damage (ozone) |
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Term
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Definition
no Cl (ok for ozone, but still a greenhouse gas)
non toxic
non flammable
less stable than CFC
more polar that CFC
HFC 134 is finer than HFC227 |
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Term
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Definition
gives good absorption of small drugs
reasonable F for small peptides (calcitonin and desmopression)
NALT: potential route for vaccines
possible nose to brain delivery |
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Term
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Definition
5 layers
nasal vestibule
nasal cavity (increased SA)
mucous membrane with columnar (cilia for mucociliary clearance)
rich blood flow
nasal secretion of adult 5.5-6.5
5 regions: nasal vestibule
palae
inferior turbinate
middle turbinate
superior turbinate
nasopharynx |
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Term
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Definition
lge SA (150cm2 microvilli)
highly vascular and porous
avoid first pass
easily accessible
pulsatile delivery possible |
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Term
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Definition
mucocilliary Clearance
high enz activity
F decrease with MW >1000Da
ciliated epithelium easily damage
nostril volume is small |
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Term
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Definition
Aqueous based
Spray, drops, MDI
local Tx
rapid systemic delivery: migraine (sumatriptan), diabetes insipidis (desmopression), prostate cancer, smoking cessation
mucoadhesion and penetration enhancers |
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Term
| factors affecting ND absorption |
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Definition
MW
partition coefficient
solubility and dissolution rate
volume and conc of dosage
viscosity of formulation
droplet size |
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Term
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Definition
control pH (Na citrate)
tonicity (NaCl, glucose)
vehicle/ co-solvent (propylene glycol)
Antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene)
preservative (benzoalkonium Cl)
viscosity agent (methylcellulose) |
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Term
| Proteins and peptide via ND |
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Definition
Proteins MW F species
octreotide: 991 18% human
Desmopression 1183 9-20 human
GHRH 3358 3-5 human
insulin 5808 0.9-0.3 rat/rabbit |
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