Term
| does the respiratory system participate in modification of pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do the lungs participate in metabolism? |
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Definition
| by providing O2 as fuel for metabolism and removing CO2 as metabolic waste |
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Term
| can breathing cool the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the upper respiratory system consist of? |
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Definition
| the epiglottis, the nasopharynx, oropharynx |
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Term
| what does the lower respiratory system consist of? |
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Definition
| larygopharynx, trachea, carina, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles (*where gas exchange starts*), alveolar ducts (site of disease), alveoli, zones of west |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is inspiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
| the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal breath in. The maximum volume of air that can be inspired in addition to the tidal volume. |
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Term
| what is expiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
| the amount of additional air that can be pushed out after the end expiratory level of normal breathing. (at the end of a normal breath, the lungs contain the residual volume plus the expiratory reserve volume, or around 2.4 litres. If one then goes on and exhales as much as possible, only the residual volume of 1.2 liters remains). |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. the amount of air that is always in the lungs and can never be expired - keeps the lungs from collapsing |
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Term
| what is functional reserve volume? |
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Definition
| the amount of air left in the lungs after a tidal breath out. the amount of air that stays in the lungs during normal breathing. this can allow the body to acclimate to fast changes in air temp/humidity/etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration |
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Term
| what is pulmonary compliance? |
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Definition
| how easy is it to inflate the lungs (pulm resistance is the reverse) |
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Term
| what is pulmonary ventilation? |
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Definition
| the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lung |
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Term
| what is positive end expiratory pressure? |
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Definition
| pressure in the system at the end of exhalation when a pt is on a ventilator to recruit more alveoli |
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Term
| what is continuous positive airway pressure? |
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Definition
| a higher level of air pressure pumped into a pts lungs while on a ventilator to keep their lungs inflated |
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Term
| what does the upper respiratory tract do to the air before it gets to the lungs? (what is its main function) |
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Definition
| *warms, cleans (eddies of air spin out the large particles on to the hair + mucus) and humidifies the air* |
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Term
| what does the visceral pleura cover? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the parietal pleura cover? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the oropharynx help clean the air going to the lungs? |
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Definition
| by creating turbulence, which spins the air, spinning out the large particles |
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Term
| what happens if the air going to the lungs is not moisturized? |
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Definition
| the alveoli can crack and bleed |
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Term
| can the olfactory sense protect the lungs by alerting the body of noxious gasses? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is keisselbach's plexus? |
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Definition
| a region in the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum, where four arteries anastomose - common site of epistaxis |
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Term
| what is the function of the lower airway? |
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Definition
| gas exchange - O2/CO2, voice |
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Term
| what is the purpose of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium? |
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Definition
| to allow greater surface area, trap/produce mucus |
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Term
| how do cigarettes affect the mucus elevators in the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| cigarette smoke paralyzes the mucus elevators |
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Term
| can pulmonary edema hyperinflate the lungs? |
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Definition
| yes, b/c it is harder for air to leave |
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Term
| what happens in the airway as cartilage starts to become less prevalent? |
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Definition
| the airway becomes more "floppy" and subject to pressures in the chest |
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Term
| what helps keep a patent airway in the traches? |
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Definition
| cartilage, SMCs, and pseudostratified epithelium |
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Term
| how thick are the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the pores of kohn? |
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Definition
| communications between alveoli that allow them to share volume and recruit each other |
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Term
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Definition
| weakens the interactions between water molecules and makes the alveoli more compliant |
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Term
| what happens when CO2 binds to water? |
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Definition
| CO2 and water = carbonic acid |
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Term
| if the respiratory system doesn't get rid of CO2 efficiently enough, what happens? |
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Definition
| the blood becomes more acidic |
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Term
| what is the effect on hemoglobin as it binds O2? |
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Definition
| its affinity for more O2 increases |
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Term
| what can happen if there is not effective exhalation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can happen if there is not effective exhalation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the alveolar type II cells do? |
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Definition
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