Term
| how are bronchodilators delivered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| considerations for bronchodilators depending on pt population |
|
Definition
| use of spacers with young children and those with impaired inspiratory effort or impaired motor control |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators are split into 2 categoreis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 causes of bronchoconstriction |
|
Definition
increase in bronchial smooth mm tone
inflammation
bronchospasm |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: which would you use for an acute case |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: which would you use for long term control of asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: how long does serevent act for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: is serevent a meter dose or rescue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: albuterol aka (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: how long does albuterol last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: how long after takign albuterol does it peak |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: usd for what condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: action |
|
Definition
| specific adrenergic agent produces relaxation of bronchial smooth mm by increased CAMP and decreasing Ca concentrations |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Beta2 sympathomimetics: adverse effects (7) |
|
Definition
tremor
palpitations
headache
nervousness
dizziness
nausea
hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: 2 drug names |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: epinephrine aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: ephedrine aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: which is used for short duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: which is used for long duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: effect of epinephrine/adrenaline |
|
Definition
short duration
strong effect in blood vessels
moderate effect on bronchial muscles
vaso and bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: effect of ephedrine/isoproteerenol |
|
Definition
| moderate effect on bronchial mm |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: use (3) |
|
Definition
asthma
acute bronchoconstriction
respiratory distress with bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: action |
|
Definition
| enchance specific and non-specific target adrenergic receptors |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Non-selective sympathomimetics: adverse effects (9) |
|
Definition
tremor
palpitations
headache
nervousness
dizziness
nausea
hypertension
increased myocontractility (inotropic)
increased heart rate (chronotropic) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Sympatholytics: name |
|
Definition
| phentolamine (bronchodilator) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Sympatholytics: use |
|
Definition
| respiratory broncho constriction to inhibit said constriction |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Sympatholytics: action |
|
Definition
| reduce alpha stimulation, to inhibit the decrease of CAMP (inhibits bronchoconstrictoin) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Sympatholytics: adverse effects (4) |
|
Definition
agitation
tachycardia
palpitation
chest pain |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Sympatholytics: used mostly for what system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: 2 drug names |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: which is absorbed quickly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: which is inhaled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: has less side effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: not absorbed into the circulation as much |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: action |
|
Definition
block parasympathetic stimulation anticholinergic agents (prevent increase in GMP so cAMP levels stay higher, thus bronchodilation)
restricts how much bronchorestriction can happen |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Parasympatholytics: adverse effects (3) |
|
Definition
depression
delirium
hallcuinations |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Methylxanthines: names |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Methylxanthines: use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: ethylxanthines: action |
|
Definition
| autonomic-active bronchodilation agent enhances cAMP and inhibits cGMP (enhances diaphragmatic contractility and exercise tolerance because of better gas exchange) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators: Methylxanthines: adverse effects (5) |
|
Definition
agitation
tachycardia
hypotension
chest pain
possible diuresis |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilator classes (5) |
|
Definition
Methylxanthines
Parasympatholytics
Sympatholytics
Non-selective sympathomimetics
Beta 2 sympathomimetics |
|
|
Term
| purpose of anti-inflammtory agents (2) |
|
Definition
suppress bronchoconstriction
block mediator substances (leukotrienes, catecholamines) |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: adverse effect of glucocorticoid use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: anti-inflammatory agents are usually what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): drug names (2) |
|
Definition
prednisone
beclovent, flovent |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): what is prednisone used for |
|
Definition
acute inflammatory episode
given in decreasing dosages over a 7-10 day period
IV or oral |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): which is inhaled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): which is for daily use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): use |
|
Definition
| acute or chronic bronchial inflammation |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): action |
|
Definition
| inhibit formation of inflammation mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandings, and thromboxanes) |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory agents: glucocorticoids (steroids): adverse effects (7) |
|
Definition
cushings syndrome
obesity
osteoporosis (long term use)
immunosuppression
irritability
muscle weakness
hypertension |
|
|
Term
| what is Cushing's syndrome |
|
Definition
| hyperfunction of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| how will a pt with Cushing's syndrome present (5) |
|
Definition
moon face (round and flat face)
trunk obesity/fluid
thin skin d/t swelling
swelling d/t changes in circulation
poor wound heailng |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antihistamines
specific sympathomimetics |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: antihistamine examples (5) |
|
Definition
benadryle
dramamine
dimetapp
actifed
triaminic |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: histamine uses |
|
Definition
| histamine induced inflammatory/inflammation response |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: histamine aciton |
|
Definition
| all bind to H receptors in smooth mm to cause decreased congestion and irritation |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: adverse effects (5) |
|
Definition
sedation
fatigue
dizziness
blurred vision
loss of coordination |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: specific sympathomimimetics: target what receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: specific sympathomimimetics: drug names (4) |
|
Definition
primatene
sudafed
triaminic
contac |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: specific sympathomimimetics: use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: specific sympathomimimetics: action |
|
Definition
| stimulate vasoconstriction by binding with alpha receptors in the upper airways |
|
|
Term
| Decongestants: specific sympathomimimetics: adverse effects (5) |
|
Definition
headaches
hypertension
heart palpitaitons
dizziness
nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| expectorants: robitussin use |
|
Definition
| clear secretions and protect airway |
|
|
Term
| expectorants: robitussin action |
|
Definition
| increase secretion production |
|
|
Term
| expectorants: robitussin adverse effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antitussives: codeine: use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antitussives: codeine: action |
|
Definition
| block receptors int he brain to decrease irritaiton and suppress the cough reflex |
|
|
Term
| antitussives: codeine: adverse effects (3) |
|
Definition
sedation
occasional GI distress
occasional dizziness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mucokinetics: mucomyst: use |
|
Definition
| assist with the mobilization of secretions |
|
|
Term
| mucokinetics: mucomyst: action |
|
Definition
| promote mobilizaiton and removal of secretions by decreasing viscosity of mucous and increasing expectoration |
|
|
Term
| mucokinetics: mucomyst: adverse effects |
|
Definition
mucousal irritation
coughing
bronchospasm (in asthmatics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cephalosporins (Ancef, Keflex)
Tetracylines
Cipro
Erythromycin (Macrolides)
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Streptomyacine, Neomyacin)
Penicillin
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics: penicillin inhibits what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antibiotics: penicillin fights what type of bacteria |
|
Definition
| gram - and gram + baceteria |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics: danger of penicillin |
|
Definition
| can cause an allergic reaction: hives, temperature increase, anaphylactic shock |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics: amoxicillin and ampicillin fight what bacteria |
|
Definition
| gram - and gram + bacteria |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics: 3 types of aminoglycoside |
|
Definition
streptomyacine
Gentamicin
Neomycin |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics: Aminoglycosides (streptomyacine, Gentamicin, Neomycine) fight what bacteria |
|
Definition
| broad spectrum especially gram - including E coli and anaerobic bacteria |
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: Aminoglycosides (streptomyacine, Gentamicin, Neomycine) adverse effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: macrolides aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: erythromycin is used for what bacteria |
|
Definition
| broad spectrum gram - and gram + |
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics:what is often used as an alternative to penicillin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: children are given what as an alternative to penicillin (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics:tetracylines for what bacteria |
|
Definition
| broad spectrum often usd for resistant strains |
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: cipro does what |
|
Definition
| inbhits bacterial protein DNA/RNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: Cipro kills what bacteria |
|
Definition
broad spectrum
used for stron gor resistant infections |
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: drug of choice for treating pulmonary anthrax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: cephalosporins aka (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: cephalosporins are used as an alternative to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: cephalosporins (Ancef, Keflex) adverse effects (4) |
|
Definition
stomach ache
cramps
nausea
vomiting |
|
|
Term
| antiobiotics: general adverse effects (5) |
|
Definition
hypersensitivity (skin rash, hives, bronchoconstriction, anaphlactic reaction)
stomach cramps
diarrhea
nausea
vomiting |
|
|
Term
| standard view of a chest x ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how will air show up on an x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how will bones show up on a x ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| xray findings: high hemi diaphragm suggests what |
|
Definition
| low inflation in the chest such as d/t atelectasis |
|
|
Term
| xray findings: flattening of the hemi-diaphragm suggests what |
|
Definition
less dome shaped
suugestive of over inflations in th elungs |
|
|
Term
| xray findings: costophrenic angles |
|
Definition
| pretty deep with right side approximately 1 cm higher than the left. edge of side where the diaphragm meets the thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
| xray findings: abnormal: enlarged lungs, flattened diaphragm, narrow mediatsinum |
|
Definition
characteristics of COPD
xray can't diagnose COPD tho |
|
|
Term
| xray findings: abnormal: overinflation, diffuse infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal xray findings: vascular markings when increased are suggestive of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal xray findings: a central pattern of infiltrates with increased vascular margins is suggestive of what |
|
Definition
| pulmonary edema (fluffly clouds) |
|
|
Term
| abnormal xray findings: areas of white patche suggest what |
|
Definition
| bronchiecstasis if tree like |
|
|
Term
| abnormal xray findings: areas which should be dark/gray back which are totally obliterated(white) may suggest (4) |
|
Definition
consolidated pneumonia (hx, clinical presentation to confirm)
ARDS
pneumothorax (if area completely blank/obliterated)
atelectasis (if partially blank/obliterated) |
|
|
Term
| how soon does PT intervention take effect and how long is PT intervention good for |
|
Definition
immediately
up to 12 hours |
|
|
Term
| pneumothorax will push the mediastinum which way |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atelectasis will move the mediatinsum which way |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of bronchial airways |
|
|
Term
| bronchography is similar to what 2 cardiac exams |
|
Definition
coronary angiography
coronary cathetertization |
|
|
Term
| how is a bronchography performed |
|
Definition
| pt breathes in a gas with an ionic charge and the scanner will detect where the air goes |
|
|
Term
| bronchography will see what |
|
Definition
| changes in bronchial walls and lumen |
|
|
Term
| bronchography is used for what |
|
Definition
| congenital anomalies to monitor changes in progression of disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of camera/fiberoptics to view airways and bronchus segments |
|
|
Term
| how is bronchoscopy performed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/Q scan is used to study what (3) |
|
Definition
regional ventilation
regional perfusion
gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| what is the gold standard for dx of pulmonary emboli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the V/Q scan is the gold standard for dx of pulmonary emboli but is cheaper compared to this other test that performs better |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt breathes in xenon gas, the holds their breath and scans are done |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH
Pa CO2
Pa O2
HCO3- (bicarbonate)
BE (base excess) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of change in pH not related to respiration |
|
|
Term
| ABG: what does PaCO2 measure |
|
Definition
| adequacy of alveolar ventilation |
|
|
Term
| What happens to CO2 during hyperventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to CO2 during hypoventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG: ventilatory failures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG: ventilatory failure will cause what changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG: s/s of ventilatory faliure |
|
Definition
| loss of alertness and ultimately coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needle inserted into the chest to draw fluid or exudate out of the plerual space, chest cavity, or the lung tissue itself |
|
|
Term
| what is done after a thoracentesis many times |
|
Definition
| placed after to maintain negative thoracic cage pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of lung segment or complete obe |
|
|
Term
| why would a lobectomy be done (3) |
|
Definition
mass or tumor
when there is COPD or other hyperinflation
Severe fibrosis that is leading to repeated infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase V/Q matching as there is less dead space |
|
|
Term
| Difference between lobectomy and lung volume reduction surgery |
|
Definition
| similar, but LVRS may not remove an entire lobe |
|
|
Term
| what pathologies are lung volume reduction surgeries used for |
|
Definition
| obstructive especially COPD |
|
|
Term
| purpose of a Lung volume reduction surgery |
|
Definition
| decreases volume in the lungs, so gas levels are more normalized allowing better V/Q exchange |
|
|
Term
| most common type of lung transplant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lung transplant precautions |
|
Definition
immunosuppresant drugs
slower progression of endurance |
|
|
Term
| precautiosn following lung surgeries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| restrictions of PT after lung surgeries |
|
Definition
restrict UE motion
streching, coughing, and deep breathing as needed |
|
|
Term
| PT tx after lung surgeries |
|
Definition
Early mobility (GCE, ADL)
deep breathing and coughing as appropriate
postural drainge and percussion as able |
|
|
