Term
Calculating the PIO2
Typically |
|
Definition
(Atmospheric-47)*(O2%)
150 |
|
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Term
| Calculating O2 concentration in the Body |
|
Definition
| 1.36(Hb content)(Saturation)+0.003(PA02) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 0.863(CO2 Minute Ventilation)/(Alveolar Minute Ventilation) |
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Term
|
Definition
| V/Q Mismatch, Hypoventilation |
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Term
| Mechanisms of V/Q mismatch causing CO2 rentention |
|
Definition
Low ventilation areas produce more CO2 than can be cleared by the high ventilation areas.
Low perfusion areas carry less CO2 than can be cleared, where high perfusion areas carry more CO2 that can not be cleared. |
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Term
Causes of Hypoxemia
Which have a higher A-a Gradient |
|
Definition
High Altitude, Hypoventilation
High A-a: V/Q Mismatch, R->L Shunt, Diffusion Limitation |
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Term
| Causes of Hypoventilation |
|
Definition
| Impaired Drive, NMJ/Neurological Lesion, Respiratory Muscle Lesion |
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Term
| Mecahnisms of V/Q Mismatch causing Hypoxemia |
|
Definition
High V/Q areas provide small amounts of well oxygenated blood, Low V/Q areas provide large amounts of poorly oxygenated blood.
High V/Q regions cannot overcome the deficit bc O2 Saturation is limited |
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Term
| Diagnostic testing for a Diffusion Limitation |
|
Definition
Diffusion capacity of CO in one breath.
CO has high affinity for hemoglobin |
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Term
| Working Up a Hypoxemic Patient |
|
Definition
Blood Gas -> A-a Gradient
If normal -> Neuromuscular workup
Abnormal -> O2 Response, Spirometry, CXR, Shunt |
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Term
| Muscles of Inspiration and Expiration |
|
Definition
Inspiration: Diaphragm, External Intercostals, Scalenes, Sternocleidomastiod, Strap,
Expiration: Abs and Internal Intercostals |
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|
Term
| What Volumes of the lung cannot be calculated by spirometry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive test in the Bronchodialator Response |
|
Definition
12% increase in FEV-1 w 200cc overall
12% increase in FRC w 200cc overall
30% increase in FEF 25-75 |
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|
Term
| Methods of Diagnosing Asthma |
|
Definition
Methacholine Challenge: <20% decrease at 16mg/ml is non-disagnostic
Cold-Air: >20% in FEV-1
Exercise Challenge: 20% in FEV-1 5-20 min post-exercise |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does a <70% FEV-1 Indicate |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What does a TLC <80% indicate |
|
Definition
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Term
| How do obstrucuive and Restrictive lung diseases differ in Compliance and Elastic Recoil |
|
Definition
Restrictive: Low Compliance, High Elastic
Obstructive: High Compliance, Low Elastic |
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|
Term
| At what lung volumes is the lung most compliant |
|
Definition
| Mid Range- Resting breathing levels |
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Term
| Diagnosis of hypoventilation |
|
Definition
| Hypercapnia with Normal A-a gradient |
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|
Term
| What factors determine your alveolar Co2 pressure |
|
Definition
Amount producced by the body
The respiration rate |
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