Term
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Definition
| a chronic health problem caused by a break in the mucous lining of the GI tract where it comes in contact with gastric juice. |
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Term
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Definition
| may occur in any area of the GI tract exposed to acid-pepsin secretions, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common peptic ulcer which occurs in the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in the stomach more often affect older patients between the ages of 55 and 70. |
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Term
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Definition
| develops when the mucosal barrier is unable to protect the mucosa from damage by hydrochloric acid and pepsin the gastric digestive juices. |
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Term
| Gastric outlet obstruction |
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Definition
| obstruction of the pyloric region of the stomach and duodenum that impairs gastric outflow. May result from edema surrounding the ulcer, smooth muscle spasm, or scar tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| penetration of the ulcer through the mucosal wall. |
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Term
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Definition
| a form of PUD caused by a gastronoma, or gastrin-secreting tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| excess fat in the feces from impaired fat digestion and absorption. |
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Term
| Manifestations of Peptic Ulcer Disease Complications |
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Definition
Hemorrhage
-occult or obvious blood in the stool
-hematermesis
-fatigue
-weakness, dizziness
-orthostatic hypotension
-hypovolemic shock
Obstruction
-sensations of epigastric fullness
-nausea and vomiting
-electrolyte imbalances
-metabolic acidosis
Perforation
-severe upper abdominal pain radiating to the shoulder
-rigid, boardlike abdomen
-absence of bowel sounds
-diaphoresis
-tachycardia
-rapid shallow respirations
-fever |
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Term
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Definition
Upper GI series
Gastroscopy
Biopsy specimens
Noninvasive methods
Gastric analysis if Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is suspected |
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Term
| Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) |
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Definition
| infection found in about 70% of individuals who have PUD. unique in colonizing in the stomach. It is spread individual to individual (oral to oral or fecal to oral). and contributes to ulcer formation in several wasys. |
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Term
| Combination therapies that use two antibiotics with a PPI (known as triple therapy) |
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Definition
| antibiotics used in triple therapy are clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. |
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Term
| A PPI (or histamine receptor agonist) with bismuth and two antibiotics (quadruple therpay) |
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Definition
| a ppi, bismuth, metrondiazole, and tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
Therapuetic class- antibiotic
Mechanism of action- Inshibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis in many types of aerobic, anaerobic, gram negative and gram positive bacteria. By binding with the 5OS ribosomal subunit of the bacterial 7OS ribosome, clarithromycin causes bacterial cells to die.
Adverse reactions- anxiety, confusion, dizziness, fatigue, hypoglycemia, leukopenia, rhabdomyalysis, anaphylaxis, angioedema. |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic
Mechanism of action- kills bacteriaby binding to and inactivating penicillin-binding proteins on the inner bacterial cell-wall, weakening the bacterial cell wall and causing lysis.
Contraindications- hypersensitivity including severe reactions like anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome to amoxicillin, other beta lactam antibiotics or their components.
Adverse reactions- seizures, c-diff, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
antiprotozoal
Mechanism of action- undergoes intracellular chemical reduction during anaerobic metabolism. After metronidazole is reduced, it damages DNA's helical structure and breaks its strands, which inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis and causes cell death.
adverse reactions- encephalopathy, hepatic failure, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, neutropenia, dyspnea, anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
antibiotic
mechanism of action- exerts a bacteriostatic effect against a wide variety of gram negative and gram positive organisms by passing through the bacterial lipid bilayer, where it binds reversibly to 3OS ribosomal subunits. Bound tetracycline blocks the binding of aminoacyl transfer RNA to messenger RNA thus inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
Adverse reactions- dizziness, light headedness, darkened or discolored tongue, abdominal pain diarrhea, heptotoxicity, nausea, rectal candidiasis, vomiting, vaginal candidiasis, photosensitivity. |
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Term
| Agents that protect the mucosa |
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Definition
| sucralfate, bismuth, antacids, prostaglandin analogs. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers. Diarrhea is a common side effect. Because of its uterotropic effect it is contraindicated in pregnant women. |
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