Term
| Monroe's Motivational Sequence |
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Definition
| Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action |
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| Refers to the fact that people will remember the things they hear first |
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| opposite of primacy; you will begin with your weakest argument or points first and build up to your strongest. |
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| includes 6 elements: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. |
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| statement which a speaker is arguing; what they wish to convince another person of. |
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| the proof used to convince the listener that the claim is valid and worth agreeing with; comes in the form of data and facts. |
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| a statement which connects the evidence with the claim and describes why the warrant proves the truthfulness of the claim. |
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| additional information which proves that the warrant is correct, if a listener is not convinced by it. |
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| a statement which recognizes possible objections or problems relating to the claim. |
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| used to convince the listener that the objections or problems are either irrelevant or that the benefits of the claim outweigh the objections to it. |
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| progressing through time; any how-to-speech |
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| progressing through a direction or pattern, showing the nature of how space is used such as in architecture, interior design, shelving, etc. |
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| showing a cause/effect relationship |
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| first point shows the problem, the second shows the solution. |
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| break the speech into subpoints |
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Term
| Connective/Transition types |
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Definition
| transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts. |
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| "In addition, let's now discuss..." |
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| "Now that we've talked about the dangers of smoking around children, I will talk about the four contributions to delinquents..." |
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| reminds listeners what they just heard |
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| asking questions, showing where you are in a speech. |
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| questions of fact, questions of value, and questions of policy. |
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| providing info as unbiased as possible |
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| if you are giving a persuasive speech regarding a question of fact. |
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| deductive, inductive, analogical, casual |
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| using a general conclusion to support a specific argument. |
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| using specific cases to support a general conclusion. |
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| implying a link between two items, ideas, etc. |
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| a deductive argument that is implied rather than stated. When listening to speeches, it is important to notice what information has been implied in addition to what has been stated. |
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| words that sound the same but have different meanings; should be avoided in a speech. Listeners may misunderstand which word the speaker is using. |
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| refers to paying attention to a speaker despite distractions. |
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| begins with the most intriguing argument in order to capture the attention of the audience. The weakest argument is given last with this organizational pattern. |
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| A discrepancy between the truth and information given by a speaker that leads to public skepticism. |
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| Improve research efficiency |
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| a primary reason for narrowing a speech topic |
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| typically at least three sentences |
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| A system for analyzing argument. The three primary parts of the Toulmin method are the claim, evidence, and warrant. |
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| typically used in persuasive speeches regarding policy issues. In such speeches, a new policy is compared to a similar policy that has been employed elsewhere. |
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| Which component of a speech should be organized and created first? |
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| the way people accent words; can be attained during speech delivery by emphasizing certain words and pausing at strategic moments. |
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| Communication apprehension that occurs when a person suffers from speaking apprehension in one type of setting but not in other settings. |
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words or phrases that emotionally affect a listener.
Certain topics, terms, and ideas may be offensive to audience members, who will then tune out the speaker
and the message. |
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| a statement that summarizes what a speaker intends to say; also known as the thesis statement, should sum up the main points of the speech. |
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| The primary audience outcome |
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| what the audience will do if the speech is successful. |
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| compares two different things with "like" or "as." |
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