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Public Speaking (chapter 9)
An Audience Centered Approach
18
Other
Undergraduate 4
07/31/2008

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Term
chronological organization
Definition
Organization by time or sequence
Term
recency  
Definition
Arrangement of ideas from least to most important
Term
topical organization
Definition
Organization of the natural divisions in a central idea according to recency, primacy, complexity, or the speaker's discretion
Term
primacy
Definition
Arrangement of ideas from the most to the least important
Term
complexity
Definition
arrangement of ideas from the simple to the more complex
Term
spatial organization
Definition
organization based on location or position
Term
cause-and-effect organization
Definition
organization that focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects
Term
problem-and-solution organization
Definition
organization focused on a problem and then various solutions or a solution and the problems it would solve
Term
soft evidence
Definition
supporting material based mainly on opinion or inference; includes hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, analogies and opinions
Term
hard evidence
Definition
factual examples and statistics
Term
signpost
Definition
a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next
Term
internal preview
Definition
a statement in the body of a speech that introduces and outlines ideas that will be developed as the speech progresses
Term
using the hypothetical topic "travel in the US" select an organizational pattern from the ones described in your text.  then defend why this pattern would be best suited for this particular topic.
Definition
Spatial Organization, b/c when we are talking about travel in the US we are probably talking about places that we can travel and this is a location.  Spatial Organization is based on location or position.
Term
With an original example, explain how to smoothly integrate supporting materials into a speech
Definition

1. Have main ideas and subpoints on a processing file print hardcopy

2. Look at speech, find out what you need as supporting material on hard copy and then fill them in electronically through copy and paste.

If on note cards you have written or pasted supporting material write the main points and subpoints on a separate note card.  If most of the information is photocopied, search these copies for what you need and then write or type this supporting material into your speech plan.  

Make sure you do not lose track of the source.

Term
Using an original example, illustrate the use of presenting support material by going from soft to hard evidence.
Definition
Soft-to-hard organization of supporting material relies chiefly on the principle of recency--the last statement is remembered best.
Term

Imagine a world where there is very little land because the ice caps from Greenland have melted and the depth of the water has increased.  According to Morning Edition Dec. 24, 2007 issue, scientist Ian Joughin states : "It's a meter and a half melted since last year...almost five feet."  Stating this hypothetical situation can come true because our ice is melting and draining into the ocean.

Definition

Imagine a world where there is very little land because the ice caps from Greenland have melted and the depth of the water has increased.  According to Morning Edition Dec. 24, 2007 issue, scientist Ian Joughin states : "It's a meter and a half melted since last year...almost five feet."  Stating this hypothetical situation can come true because our ice is melting and draining into the ocean.

Term
What are nonverbal transitions?  How can they be used in a speech?
Definition
Nonverbal transition is a signal that states that a person is moving from one idea to the other.  They can be used as a facial expression, pause, altered voice pitch, altered speech rate or a movement.
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