Term
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Definition
1. Select a topic
2. Analyze the audience
3. Determine the speech purpose(inform, persuade, mark a special occasion)
4. Compose thesis statement
5. Develop the main points
6. Gather supporting material
7. Separate the speech into its major parts
8. outline the speech
9. consider presentation aids
10. practice delivering the speech(6x) |
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Term
| *Distinguish among information |
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Definition
Ways to discern the accuracy of the content
-Data set in a context relevance.
ex. A fact |
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Term
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Definition
Manuscript-You read your speech verbatim(word for word)
Memory-Oratory- when you put the entire speech, word for word, into writing then commit it to memory.
Impromptu- A type of delivery that is unpracticed, spontaneous, or improvised.
Extemporaneously-Falls somewhere between impromptu and written or memorized deliveries, you prepare well and practice in advance, giving full attention to all facets of the speech |
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Term
| *Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
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Definition
Attention(addresses listeners' core concerns, making the speech highly relevant to them.)
Need(Isolates and describes the issue to be addressed, if the audience understands the importance then they are more apt to listen).
Satisfaction(The solution)
Visualization(provides the audience with a vision of anticipated outcomes associated with the solution.
Action(the speaker asks the audience members to act according to their acceptance of the message). |
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Term
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Definition
Intro-est. purpose
Body- Presents maid points w supporting details
Conclusion-Ties purpose and main points together. |
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Term
| *Distinguish among disinformation |
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Definition
Ways to discern the accuracy of the content
Deliberate falsification of information.
ex. a falsified profit-and-loss statement |
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Term
| *Distinguish among misinformation |
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Definition
Ways to discern the accuracy of the content
-Something that is not true.
ex. an urban legend |
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Term
| *Distinguish among propaganda |
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Definition
Ways to discern the accuracy of the content
-Information represented in such a way as to provoke a desired response.
ex. An advertisement to conserve energy |
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Term
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Definition
Illustrates, describes, or represents things; it can be brief or extended, and real or hypothetical.
Aids understanding by making ideas, items, or events more concrete, creates interest. |
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Term
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Definition
| clarity or forcefulness with which sounds are made, regardless weather sounds are made. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offer a single illustration of a point. |
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Term
| Canons of rhetoric- Arrangement |
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Definition
Process of giving a speech
is organizing the speech in ways that are best suited to the topic and the audience |
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Term
| Canons of rhetoric- Memory |
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Definition
Process of giving a speech
is the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered. |
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Term
| Canons of rhetoric- Style |
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Definition
Process of giving a speech
is the way the speaker uses language to express the speech ideas. |
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Term
| Canons of rhetoric- invention |
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Definition
-Process of giving a speech
refers to adapting speech information to the audience in order to make your case. |
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Term
| Canons of rhetoric-Delivery |
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Definition
Process of giving a speech
is the vocal and nonverbal behavior you use when speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offer multifaceted illustrations of the idea, term, or event being described, thereby allowing the speaker to create a more detailed picture for the audience. |
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Term
| Functions of nonverbal communication in delivery |
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Definition
| Clarify verbal messages, facilitate feedback, establish speaker credibility |
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Term
| Human Communication- Small Group |
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Definition
| involves a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs between a speaker and a large audience of unknown people. |
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Term
| Human Communication-Public Speaking |
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Definition
| a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present during the delivery of the speech. |
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Term
| Human communication- Dyadic |
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Definition
| happens between two people, as in a conversation |
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Term
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Definition
| What you believe the outcome will be. |
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Term
| Organization Arrangements- Spatial |
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Definition
| Used when describing the physical arrangement of a place, scene or object. |
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Term
| Organization Arrangements-Circular |
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Definition
| To follow a particular line of reasoning |
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Term
| Organization Arrangements-Narrative |
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Definition
| The speech consists of stories or a series of short stories, replete with characters, settings, plot, and vivid imagery. |
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Term
| Organizational Arrangements- Topically |
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Definition
| when each of the main points is a subtopic or category of the speech topic |
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Term
| Organizational Arrangements-Causal |
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Definition
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Term
| Organizational Arrangements-Problem-Solution |
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Definition
| organizes main points both to demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and to provide justification. |
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Term
| Organizational arrangements-Chronological |
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Definition
| follows the natural sequential order of the main points. |
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Term
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Definition
Fear or anxiety associated with either actual or anticipated communication to an audience as a speaker.
-Lack of Positive Experience
-Feeling Different
-Being the center of attention |
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Term
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Definition
Preparing and Practice
modify your thoughts and attitudes(always be positive)
Visulize success
Relaxation techniques(meditation, breathing)
Use movement
learn from feedback
enjoy the occasion |
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Term
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Definition
-people pay attention selectively to certain messages while ignoring others.
Factors:importance,experience and background, already know info. |
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Term
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Definition
-Proper volume determined by(size of room/#of people, (no)microphone, level of background noise)
-Vary the intonation(pitch)
-Adjust the speaking rate
-Use strategic pauses
-Vocal Variety(volume, pitch, rate, pauses)
-Avoid laziness |
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Term
| Typeface font/size and color |
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Definition
Focus on the message
KISS(keep it simple silly)(6X6)
Avoid Clutter
Select appropriate type face/font styles.
Use color carefully |
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Term
| Types of presentation aids |
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Definition
props and models,
pictures
graphics, charts
audio/visuals
multimedia |
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Term
| Developing an introduction/conclusion |
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Definition
-Attention getter, thesis, credibility statement and preview
-Close of the speech, summarize main points, reiterate the thesis and purpose, and leave the audience with something to think about or offer a call to action |
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Term
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Definition
| anything from the din of jackhammers to competing conversations to poor lighting-can significantly reduce listening rates and interfere with the active listening process. |
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Term
| Guidelines for evaluating speeches and presentations |
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Definition
-start with something positive, focus on the speech not the speaker, target your criticism
-Be honest and fair in your evaluation, Adjust to the speakers style, be compassionate in your criticism |
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Term
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Definition
| consciously focus on listening. avoid daydreaming and monitor yourself for lapses in attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| are unsupported conclusions (e.g., “All welfare recipients are lazy”). |
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Term
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Definition
provide firsthand accounts or direct evidence of events.
-Interviews
Surveys |
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Term
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Definition
provide analysis or commentary about phenomena produced by others.
-books
articles
biographies |
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Term
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Definition
| is supported by different types of evidence from different sources, but it does not make claims beyond a reasonable point. |
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