Term
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Definition
| Competence, Trustworthiness and Dynamism |
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Term
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Definition
| being informed, skilled or knowledgeable about one’s subject |
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Term
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Definition
| aspect of speaker’s credibility that refects whether the speaker is perceived as believable and honest |
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Term
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Definition
| aspect that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as energetic |
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Term
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Definition
| Initial, deived and terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| impression of a speaker’s credibility that listeners have before the speakers starts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inal impression listeners have of a speaker’s credibility after speech conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Inductive, analogy, deductive and causal |
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Term
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Definition
| uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
compares one think, person or process with another to predict how something will perform and respond
i. Do the ways in which the things are alike outweigh the ways they are different?
ii. Is the assertion true? |
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Term
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Definition
moves from a general statement of principle to a specific, certain conclusion.
i. Is the major premise (general statement) true?
ii. Is the minor premise (particular statement) true? |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship between two or more events leads you to conclude that one or more of the events caused the others |
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Term
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Definition
a. Facts – something that has been directly observes to be true or can be proven to be true by verifiable evidence.
b. Examples – illustration used to dramatize or clarify a fact.
c. Opinions – expressed by an expert can add credibility.
d. Statistics – number used to summarize facts or samples. |
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Term
| Using Evidence Effectively |
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Definition
a. Use credible evidence
b. Use new evidence
c. Use specific evidence
d. Use evidence to tell a story (?) |
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Term
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Definition
a. Use concrete examples that help your listeners visualize what you describe
b. Use emotion-arousing words
c. Use non-verbal behavior to communicate your emotional response
d. Use visual images to evoke emotions
e. Use appropriate metaphors and similes
f. Use appropriate fear appeals
g. Consider using appeals to several emotions
h. Tap audience members’ beliefs in shared myths |
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Term
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Definition
a. Identify with audience
b. Clearly state speaking objective
c. Tell audience exactly what you want them to do
d. Ask listeners for immediate show of support
e. Use emotional appeals effectively
f. Make it easy for listeners to act |
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Term
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Definition
a. Capture listeners attention early in speech
b. Refer to beliefs that many listeners share
c. Relate topics to listeners, families, friends, and loved ones of
d. Be realistic about what you can accomplish |
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Term
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Definition
a. Don’t announce immediately that you plan to change their minds
b. Begin by noting areas of agreement before disagreements
c. Don’t expect major shift in attitudes from hostile audience
d. Acknowledge opposing points of view that members may hold
e. Establish credibility
f. Consider making understanding rather than advocacy your goal |
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Term
| Organizing persuasive speeches |
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Definition
a. If you feel audience may be hostile toward your point of view, advance strongest arguments first.
b. Don’t bury key arguments and evidence in middle of message.
c. If you want listeners to take action, it is best to tell them what you want them to do at the end of speech.
d. When you think listeners are well informed and familiar with disadvantages of your proposal, it is usually better to present both sides of an issue, rather than just the advantages of position you advocate.
e. Make reference to counterarguments, them refute them with evidence and logic |
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Term
| Organizational patterns for persuasive speeches |
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Definition
a. Problem-solution
b. Refutation
c. Cause and effect
d. The motivated sequence |
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Term
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Definition
a. Attention
b. Need
c. Satisfaction
d. Viualization
e. Action |
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Term
| When to use Motivated Sequence |
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Definition
| When you want someone to take action based on the ideas of your speech. (nothing in book – made this up) |
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Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| type of behavioral therapy used to effectively overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders. (Wikipedia) |
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