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Public Speaking
Final Exam
111
Communication
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2010

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
evidence
Definition
infromation from credible research sources that you can use to support your claims.
Term
credibility
Definition
perception on the part of your audience that you're qualified to speak on the topic in question
Term
keywords
Definition
words or terms related to your topic and also synonyms of those words
Term
expertise
Definition
possession of knowledge necessary to offer reliable facts or opinions about the topic in question.
Term
objectivity
Definition
no bias-prejudice or partisanship- that would prevent someone from making an impartial judgment on your speech's topic.
Term
observational capacity
Definition
ability to witness a situation for him or herself.
Term
recency
Definition
timeliness
Term
periodicals
Definition
publications that appear at regular intervals; weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually.
Term
peer review
Definition
an editor decides to publish only articles that are approved by other experts in the field and that meet the publication's other requirements.
Term
full text sources
Definition
links to the complete texts of the articles in question
Term
abstract
Definition
summary of the article's contents
Term
reference works
Definition
compilations of background information on major topic areas
Term
encyclopedias
Definition
offer relatively brief entries providing background information on a wide range of alphabetized topics
Term
dictionaries
Definition
offer definitions, pronunciation, guides, and sometimes etymologies for words
Term
quotation books
Definition
offer famous notable quotations on a variety of subjects.
Term
atlases
Definition
provide maps, charts, and tables relating to different geographic regions
Term
yearbooks
Definition
updated yearly and contain statistics and other facts about social, political, and economic topics
Term
internet
Definition
the "go-to" research option for many college students
Term
World Wide Web
Definition
contains about 170 trillion bytes of information on its surface, which is 17 times the size of the print collections in the Library of Congress
Term
Web sites
Definition
created by individuals, advocacy groups, clubs, and businesses that may contain incorrect or biased information
Term
top-level domain
Definition

.com

.org

.edu

Term
Search Engine
Definition
specialized programs that continually visit Web pages and index what they find
Term
metasearch engine
Definition
searches several different search engines at once.
Term
advanced search
Definition
provides commands for making searches more precise.
Term
hybrid search engines
Definition
combine directories and search engines in one
Term
invisible Web
Definition
information that is available online but that can't be accessed by standard search engines.
Term
paraphrasing
Definition
stating something in your own words rather than word-for-word from your source.
Term
power wording
Definition
reword evidence in a way that better supports your claim but that misrepresents the source's point of view
Term
Web directories
Definition
compiled by human editors who review Web sites and index them into subject categories and subcategories.
Term
supporting materials
Definition
different types of information that you use to develop and support your main points
Term
examples
Definition
samples or instances that support or illustrate a general claim
Term
brief examples
Definition
gives small details and only slightly describes instance
Term
extended examples
Definition
provides details about the instance being used, giving your audience a deeper and richer picture of your point
Term
dictionary definition
Definition
provides the meaning of a term as presented in a dictionary.
Term
expert definition
Definition
comes from a person who is a credible source of information on your topic
Term
etymological definition
Definition
explains the linguistic origin of the term
Term
functional definition
Definition
explains how something is used or what it does
Term
testimony
Definition
consists of information provided by the other people.
Term
expert testimony
Definition
consists of statements made by credible sources who have professional or other in-depth knowledge of a topic.
Term
lay testimony
Definition
consists of statements made by persons with no special expertise in the subject they are discussing
Term
statistics
Definition
information presented in numerical form
Term
narratives
Definition
anecdotes or somewhat longer accounts that can be used to support your main points
Term
analogy
Definition
comparison base on similarities between to phenomena, one that's familiar to the audience and one that is less familiar
Term
main points
Definition
those few ideas that are most important for your listeners
Term
supporting points
Definition
materials designed to prove or substantiate your main points
Term
subordination
Definition
creating a hierarchy of points and their supporting materials in your speech
Term
subpoints
Definition
supporting materials used to develop a main point
Term
sub-subpoints
Definition
supporting materials that support subpoints
Term
coordination
Definition
each main point is coordinate with other main points
Term
spatial patterns
Definition
main points represent important aspects of your topic that can be thought of as adjacent to one another in location and geography
Term
temporal patterns
Definition
you present the information in chronological sequence
Term
causal patterns
Definition
help your audience understand the link between particular events and their outcomes
Term
comparison pattern
Definition
organizes the speech around major similarities and differences between two events, objects, or situations
Term
problem-cause-solution pattern
Definition
if you want to ask your audience to take specific action or support a particular policy on an issue
Term
criteria-application pattern
Definition
proposes standards for making a judgment about a topic and then applies those standards to the topic
Term
narrative pattern
Definition
organize your speech as a story
Term
transitions
Definition
a sentence that indicates you are moving from one part of your speech to the next
Term
signposts
Definition
words or phrases within sentences that help your audience understand your speech's structure
Term
internal previews
Definition
short list of ideas that will follow
Term
internal summaries
Definition
quick review of what you just said about that main point
Term
attention-getter
Definition
material intended to capture the audience's interest and start of the speech
Term
rhetorical question
Definition
one that you want listeners to answer in their heads
Term
preview
Definition
brief statement of the main points you will to developing in the body of your speech
Term
summary
Definition
brief review of your main points
Term
clincher
Definition
something that leaves a lasting impression of your speech in your listener' minds.
Term
outlining
Definition
organizing the points of your speech into a structured form
Term
working outline
Definition
contains all of the points in your speech written in full sentences or detailed phrases
Term
speaking outline
Definition
as you're delivering your talk, you can refer to this to remind yourself of your presentation's structure and key ideas.
Term
body
Definition
present your main points and supporting materials
Term
evidence
Definition
the author's qualifications the source publication or web page and the date of the publication
Term
transitions
Definition
words, phrases, or sentences that indicate you are moving from one part of your speech to another
Term
bibliography
Definition
a list of the sources you cited in your speech
Term
extemporaneous delivery
Definition
speaking from limited notes rather than reading word-for-word from a manuscript or delivering your speech from memory
Term
delivery reminders
Definition
"slow down"
"look up!"
"key points"
"emphasis"
Term
word choice
Definition
(diction) "I Have A Dream Speech"
Term
diction
Definition
Term
denotative meaning
Definition
exact, literal dictionary definition
Term
connotative meaning
Definition
associations that come to mind when people hear or read the word
Term
jargon
Definition
specialized or technical words or phrases familiar to people in a specific field or group
Term
concrete words
Definition
specific and suggest exactly what you mean
Term
abstract words
Definition
general and can be confusing and ambiguous for your audience
Term
verbal clutter
Definition
extraneous words that make it hard for the audience to follow your message
Term
hypothetical examples
Definition
imagined examples or scenarios that you invite your audience to think about
Term
vivid language
Definition
grabs the attention of your audience with words and phrases that appeal to all the senses
Term
imagery
Definition
mental impressions
Term
similes
Definition
explicit comparisons and contain words such as like or as
Term
metaphors
Definition
implicit comparisons
Term
biased language
Definition
word choice that suggests prejudice or preconceptions about other people
Term
negative stereotypes
Definition
critical generalizations about characteristics that members of a group can't change
Term
gender-neutral terms
Definition
words that do not suggest a specific gender
Term
delivery
Definition
combination of verbal and nonverbal communication skills used to present a speech
Term
vocal delivery skills
Definition
1. volume
2. tone
3. rate
4. variety
5. articulation
Term
nonverbal delivery skills
Definition
1. gestures
2. eye contact
3. facial expression
4. body movement
5. physical appearance
Term
verbal fillers
Definition
"you know" "like"
Term
verbal tics
Definition
"um" "ah"
Term
proxemics
Definition
use of space and distance between yourself and your audience
Term
prior exposure
Definition
avoiding using photos or images which the audience members have already seen many times
Term
persuasive speech
Definition
attempt to influence your audience member's beliefs attitudes or actions
Term
strategic discourse
Definition
process of selecting arguments that will best achieve your rhetorical purpose in an ethical manner
Term
fact claims
Definition
assert that something is true or false
Term
value claims
Definition
attach a judgment to a subject
Term
policy claims
Definition
advocate action by organizations institutions or members of your audience
Term
latitude of acceptance
Definition
range of positions on a given issue that are acceptable to the audience
Term
latitude of rejection
Definition
range of positions on a given issue that are unacceptable to the audience
Term
boomerang effect
Definition
pushing your listeners to oppose your idea even more vigorously than they already do
Term
needs
Definition
objects they desire and feelings that must be satisfied
Term
values
Definition
"core conceptions" of what is desirable for our own life and for society
Term
two-sided argument
Definition
you acknowledge an argument against your thesis and then use evidence and reasoning to refute that argument
Term
core beliefs
Definition
viewpoints that people have held closely often for many years
Term
peripheral beliefs
Definition
viewpoints that people have not held closely often for many years
Term
motivated sequence
Definition
1) attention
2) need
3) satisfaction
4) visualization
5) action
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