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Definition
| When agencies operate in the interest of the industries that they are supposed to regulate rather than the interests of the general public. |
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| Realization that individuals may aim to make choices consistent with their self-interest, but are limited by the information they have and their ability to consider all potential options/outcomes |
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| A theory about what causes a problem and how particular responses would alleviate that problem |
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| Collective action problems |
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Definition
| When the result of individually-rational actions produces unintended negative consequences for society as a whole |
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| An underlying phenomenon with the potential to develop into a problem as evidenced thorough indicators that measure the underlying phenomenon |
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Definition
| When the government performs services/benefits (e.g.: garbage collection, street repairs, welfare, etc) directly rather than through a third party. |
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Definition
| The way in which officials are elected may produce encourage them to posture to public attention, enact policies with concentrated benefits and diffuse costs, focus on "hot topics" of the day rather than solving long term important issues, and to "logroll" by distributing benefits across geographic units. |
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Definition
| When an amount of money is charged to offset the cost of a program or discourage people from doing something that the government wants people to do less often. Also called charges |
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| The way in which our policymaking process is divided across levels of government, branches of government, and specific policy issue networks |
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| Those who receive benefits without paying for them |
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| When government intervention causes a more inefficient allocation of goods and services than would have occurred if government had not intervened. |
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| An award of cash or goods to an organization for which a service or performance is expected. |
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Definition
| A process of policy change that consists of on-going, small refinements in current policy |
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Definition
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Definition
| When markets or government are less efficient than they could be if everyone involved had full information |
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| Groups or individuals share common beliefs who integrate their efforts for a specific purpose such as gaining information or achieving a goal |
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Definition
| When government intervention causes the proper functioning of markets to shift out of balance - usually by providing a competitive advantage to some firms over others |
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Definition
| When the private market is not efficient which is often due to monopolies, externalities, information failures, or underproduction of public good or merit goods |
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Definition
| A persistent market situation in which there is only one provider of a product or service |
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Definition
| The costs resulting from a market transaction that reduce the welfare of a third party who was not involved in or consulted regarding the original market transaction (e.g., air pollution, noise, second hand smoke) |
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Term
| Underproduction of public goods |
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Definition
| The insufficient production of a good that is provided collectively for users whose use is not precluded by others |
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Definition
| The individuals or groups who a policy is supposed to effect (both positively and negatively) |
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Definition
| When policy is addressed in either a sequential approach - dealing with one issue at a time |
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Definition
| The process of defining problems and of selling a broad population on this definition |
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Definition
| Funding paid by a government to an enterprise which benefits the public. The enterprise receiving the subsidy can be private, public, an individual or another government. |
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Definition
| Anything that stands for something else and whose meaning depends on how people interpret it, use it or respond to it |
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Definition
| An organized, comprehensive, step-by-step process by which policymakers weight all possible outcomes and choose the one that best maximizes well-being |
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Definition
| Assumption that individuals know what they want (self-interest) and are capable of choosing the best alternative available to them |
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Definition
| A type of formal policy making established through the adoption of rules and standards that must be followed. |
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Definition
| Goods that satisfy a collective want of the society and from which, if any one member of the group receives the benefit, all members of a group benefit (e.g., roads, mass transit, education, clean air, drinking water) |
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Definition
| Activities where the purpose, design, and plan intends to provide a benefit through the delivery of information to the public or various publics |
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Definition
| When many policy areas are advanced at the same time with different units focusing on each area |
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Definition
| When government intervention encourages individuals to take actions that are not in the collective interest of the government policy |
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Term
| Policy benefits and costs |
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Definition
| The distribution of wins and losses as a result of a policy |
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Definition
| Issues that are elevated in the public eye enough to necessitate governmental action |
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Definition
| The benefits resulting from a market transaction that increase the welfare of individuals who were not involved in the market transaction (e.g., clean parks, safe schools) |
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Definition
| Goods that are both excludable (it is possible to prevent those who have not paid fro the good from consuming it) and rivalrous (use by one consumer prevents simultaneous consumption by other consumers). |
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| A model of policy change in which policy is characterized by long periods with little or no change interspersed with short periods of rapid or dynamic change |
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Definition
| Who gets what, when and how |
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Definition
| Granting benefit to a certain group (Farm Subsidies). |
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Definition
| Regulate Business Conduct |
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Term
| Competitive Regulatory Policy |
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Definition
| Compete for Licenses (Radio & TV) |
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Term
| Protective Regulator Policy |
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Definition
| Protect Public from negative from private |
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Definition
| Intended to manipulate allocation of wealth, property and civil rights (Title 1, Welfare) |
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Definition
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| Promote specific behavior (Propaganda) |
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| Benefits directly to citizens |
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Definition
| Help with each others policy |
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Definition
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Definition
Direct Govt
Subsidies
Regulation
Public Info
Grants
Fees |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimal inspection to determine quality of goods |
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Term
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Definition
| Have to use good before you know how to use it |
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Definition
| No idea of quality until long after |
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Definition
Producing public goods (Underproduction)
Monopolies
Negative Aspects (N. Externalities)
Limited Info |
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Term
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Definition
Imperfect Info
Electoral Pressure
Short term solutions
limited competition
market distortion
disincentive effect
incentives for evasion
high cost of admn |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly simplified, stories about decline helplessness |
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