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Public Policy 100
Policy Making
44
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2010

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

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Term
market model
Definition
competition, self-interest and minimizing cost
Term
polis model
Definition
values, chooses what will least hurt the privileged
Term
rational actor model
Definition
used for the irrationalities that are given to policy by politics
Term
synecdoche
Definition
a part of a whole
Term
metaphor
Definition
comparing two things that are alike
Term
ambiguity
Definition
having more than one possible meaning, vague
Term
strategic definition
Definition
Decisions or plans designed to impact favorably the key factors on which the desired outcome of an organization, game, system, venture, or war, depends.
Term
categorization
Definition
to describe by labeling or giving a name to; classify
Term
numbers as metaphors
Definition
they describe the world in an abstract manner that implies their object. They can tell us how much something weighs, but not the unit of measurement; i.e. Maybelline go measure an elephant (volume, surface mass, color hue)
Term
numbers as norms
Definition
normative leaps, implies a need for action; surveys
Term
numbers and efficiency
Definition
most output for a given input
Term
mechanical cause
Definition
intervening agents, brainwashed people, machines that perform as designed but cause harm
Term
intentional cause
Definition
oppression, conspiracies that work, programs that work as intended but cause harm
Term
accidental cause
Definition
nature, weather, earthquakes, machines that run amok; realm of fate i.e. lottery, bad health
Term
inadvertent cause
Definition
intervening conditions, unforeseen side effects, avoidable ignorance, carelessness, omission
Term
teleological fallacy
Definition
a false notion of the doctrine that phenomena are guided not only by mechanical forces but that they also move toward certain goals of self-realization
Term
complex cause
Definition
complex systems (social system=complex), institutional (social problem caused by web of large organizations with behavior patterns), historical (social patterns reproduce themselves)
Term
subjective interests
Definition
things that people believe affect them "taking an interest"
Term
objective interests
Definition
those affects that impinge on people rather they are regardless of them or not "having an interest"
Term
interest mobilization
Definition
to assemble the community's concerns
Term
free rider
Definition
major obstacle to interest mobilization; in this groups will be able to mobilize only if they can offer selective benefits to people who join- benefits that are individual/exclusive. Type of interests that are most likely to get activated will satisfy individual wants.
Term
opportunity costs
Definition
The cost of passing up the next best choice when making a decision.
Term
diffused costs
Definition
Diffused benefits=Social security (payroll taxes spread out over millions of employees), homeowner mortgage deductions; concentrated benefits=taxicab medallions, state mandated health insurance benefits, veteran's benefits
Term
concentrated costs
Definition
Diffused benefits=food and drug regulation,environmental regulation, auto safety reg. Concentrated benefits=union-management bargaining, hospitals vs Health insurance companies, cable companies vs telecommunications companies
Term
diffused interests
Definition
Social Security (diffused costs; diffuse benefits=pensions, survivor benefits, and disability rewards to millions of people)
Term
concentrated interests
Definition
Diffused benefits=taxicab medallions, state mandated health insurance benefits, veteran's benefits; Concentrated benefits= union-management bargaining, hospitals vs Health insurance companies, cable companies vs telecommunications companies
Term
collective action theory
Definition
interests that can be fulfilled with individualistic, divisible, material means will triumph over those that must be filled with collective, shared, and non material means
Term
political mobilization
Definition
actors' attempt to influence the existing distribution of power
Term
political contests
Definition
not determined by policy issues; good weak interests (collective, diffused, broad) vs strong bad interests (individualistic, concentrated, narrow)
Term
democratic theory
Definition
interests that are regarded as morally equal may be seen as politically unequal
Term
magnitude
Definition
measuring the worth of a product or person (dollars and lives)
Term
issue framing
Definition
presenting an issue in a way that will likely get the most agreement from others
Term
expected value
Definition
a measure of magnitude weighted by a probability factor
Term
certain value
Definition
caring mainly about one value in a problem
Term
determinateness
Definition
the promise that if you go through the process of analysis you will get a definite answer
Term
inducements
Definition
something that induces, motivates, or persuades; incentive
Term
problem of the commons
Definition
inducements alter the consequence of individual actions so that what is good for the community is good for the individual
Term
evasion strategy
Definition
political creatures trying to change the rules to get out of trouble
Term
rules
Definition
"pf behavior" essential form of social coordination; indirect commands that work over time
Term
rules and legitimacy
Definition
the quality of being perceived as good and right by those whose behavior they are meant to control; legitimacy binds rule-follower to rule-maker
Term
rules and action
Definition
constitution born of colonial rebellion and the need for order
Term
rules and context
Definition
people fight with rules about rules
Term
rules and precision
Definition
like cases will be treated alike, provide predictability, insulate people from the whims, prejudices, and moods of officials; cannot be sensitive to individuals; symbolize the rule of law
Term
rules and flexibility
Definition
ensure fairness by allowing sensitivity to contextual and individual differences, allows officials to respond creatively to new situations, creating efficiency by letting officials use their knowledge of particular situations, symbolize ideals and aspirations of the community, which are necessarily vague
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