Term
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Definition
exposure to an infectious agent
and the onset of symptoms or signs of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of virus or bacteria to cause infection 100,000 to 1 billion---> infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Survives in Rare Hamburger meat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Survives in steamed oysters |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Coming from one isolated place, restaurant, church picnic, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| National, international levels, on large scale food production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is most affect by HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| acquired Immune Deficiency |
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Term
| Gonorrhea Bacteria or Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chlamydia Bacteria or Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Syphilis Bacteria or Virus |
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Definition
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Term
| Trichomonas Bacteria or Virus |
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Definition
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Term
| Herpes Bacteria or Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Candida Bacteria or Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tuberculosis Time period? |
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Definition
| End of 18th Century to End of 19th century |
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Term
| Tuberculosis cure was helped by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Coughing, Large droplets, hospitals, guinea pigs |
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Term
| What is required for TB to start infection |
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Definition
| Droplet nuclei has to reach alveoli |
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Term
| Tuberculosis is a _________ kind of infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chillin with guinea pigs, |
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Term
| TB co infection with ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| TB Most prevalent in these three regions |
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Definition
| Sub Saharan Africa, Former USSR, Southeast Asia |
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Term
| Most HIV Co infecitons with TB are in ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sputum smear, X-ray, Mantoux skin test |
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Term
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Definition
| 8-18 weeks to affect, bad for body |
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Term
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Definition
| show shadows, not if infection is present |
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Term
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Definition
| Best one, inject something, measure induration, or width and hardness, not redness |
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Term
| Interpretation of Mantoux Test 15mm 10mm and 5mm |
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Definition
15-No medical risk factors, non infectious
10-Foreign Born in high prevalence area, children under 5, high risk
5-Close contact to TB suspects, HIV infections posssible |
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Term
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Definition
| not very affective, used for childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug resistant strain of TB, resistant to Isioniazid and Rifampin |
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Term
|
Definition
| extensively drug restistant TB, untreatable |
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Term
| Vector borne Disease, Malaria is _________ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1.6 Billion people are exposed to Malaria
in >100 countries
40% of worlds population a risk
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Term
| Sub Saharan Africa Malaria Cases and deaths |
|
Definition
100 million cases a year
2 million deaths a year |
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Term
| Parasitiology Malaria is ____________ |
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Definition
| Intracellular protozoa of the genus Plasmodium |
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Term
| Immunity or Vaccine to Malaria? |
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Definition
No, no full immunity, even after infection
No vaccine |
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Term
|
Definition
Vivax and Falciparum Important
Malarie and Ovale secondary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Blood Smears and unexplained fever in areas with high risk of malaria |
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Term
| Incubation Period of Malaria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Avoid Dusk or Dawn
Mosquito nets,
Long sleeves, bug spray |
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Term
|
Definition
-
Insecticide‐treated nets (ITNs)
Intermittent preventive treatment
Are pregnant women more susceptible?
Effective and prompt case management of malarial illness.
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Term
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Definition
Clinical Care only eradicates RBC trophoziotes and schizonts
Radical Care does same and hepatic shizonts(liver cell) |
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Term
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Definition
4 Million combined deaths
HIV infected vulnerable to Malaria
More treatment and diagnosis where both occur |
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Term
| Cardiovascular Disease is _______ cause of death world wide |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of Cardiovascular diseases |
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Definition
Coronary Artery disease,
Hypertension,
Stroke,
Cerebrovascular disease |
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Term
| Unchangeable Risks Factors of Cardiovascular diseases |
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Definition
| Age, Gender(more men til menopause), family history, ethnicity |
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Term
| Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases |
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Definition
Hypertension, smoking
obesity (saturated fats), alcohol, Diabetes, physical activity (lack there of), Cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty substances that attract platelets that stick to artery wall, |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces blood flow, caused by plaque buildup |
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Term
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Definition
| No blood flow leads to death of artery tissue, heart attack |
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Term
| Order clot plaque and ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
HDL are healthy cholesterol
LDL are lousy cholesterol
Both steroids
Counterract |
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Term
HDL GOES FROM _______ TO _________
LDL GOES FROM _________ TO ___________ |
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Definition
HDL - Arteries(Heart) to Liver
LDL- Liver to Arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease of arterial blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| First demonstrated epidemiologic relations of cigarette smoking,blood pressure, and cholesterol levels to incidence of CHD. |
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Term
| Diagnosis of Heart Disease |
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Definition
| Family History, MRI, Labwork, Nuclear Testing |
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Term
| Treatment of Heart Disease |
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Definition
Restore Blood flow to the heart
by thrombolysis (enzymatically
disossolving the clot in the artery
–By angioplasty (using a balloon to push
the the artery artery open and or stints to maintain flow)
–Coronary bypass
–Close monitoring on a coronary care
unit to prevent complications |
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Term
| Prevention of Heart Disease |
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Definition
| Modify Risk Factors, Chemotherapy, Reduce fat intake |
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Term
| Who first defined recognized stroke? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who first described what caused stroke in 1658? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rapidly developing loss of brain function caused by brain blood supply disturbance, Brain Attack |
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Term
| What kind of Brain Blood disturbances cause stroke? |
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Definition
| Ischemia(Loss of blood) and Hemorraghe (Leakage of blood) |
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Term
| Which of the two causes of Stroke is most common |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the results of a stroke |
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Definition
| Loss of movement of one side of body, loss of vision on one side, inability to formulate or understand speech |
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Term
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Definition
| Obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot, Gradual blockage, symptom onset slower, Sickle cell anemians affected a lot |
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Term
|
Definition
| obstruction due to an embolus from elsewhere in the body, mostly from heart,commonly a clot, can be bacteria, cancer cells, air, fat from bone marrow. |
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Term
|
Definition
Accumulation of blood anywhere in skull vault
Intra-axial-inside brain
Extra-axial- Inside Skull, outside brain |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Stroke |
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Definition
More extenside area, more functions lost
Sudden Face Weakness
Abnormal Speech,
One Side of Body, opposite affected brain side
Weakness in pretty much all facial muscles
Loss of senses |
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Term
| How do you diagnose ischemic strokes? |
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Definition
CT Scans(Hemorrhages too)
MRI Scans(Thrombotic and Hemorrhages too) |
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Term
| What are Treatments of stroke? |
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Definition
Thrombolysis( Clot Buster)
Post Stroke Prevention
Treatment to recover lost functions |
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Term
| What is the disease burden of Stroke? |
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Definition
Leading cause of adult disability in US, EU
Number 2 cause of death worldwide
700,000 strokes a year worldwide |
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Term
|
Definition
Advanced Age
Previous Stroke
Hypertension
High Cholestrol
Cigarette Smoking
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Term
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Definition
Rapid Intervention
Lifestyle choices |
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Term
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Definition
Multidisciplanary
Physical therapy
Speech therapy
Good Nursing |
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Term
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Definition
| A chronic medical condition in which blood pressure is elevated in arteries, harder for heart to work |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure during heart contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure during cardiac relaxation (Between beats) |
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Term
| Epidemiology of Hypertension |
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Definition
1/4 of adult population affected
Large Variations from region to region
More common in men til menopause
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Term
|
Definition
Primary Hypertension= 90-95% of cases in adult, just high blood pressure
Secondary Hypertension= in kids 5-10% of cases, caused by kidney, arterial, cardiac disease
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of HyperTension |
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Definition
Usually asymptomatic
symptoms caused by anxiety
small eprcentage have vertigo, headaches, fainting |
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Term
| Hypertension in Pregnancy |
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Definition
Relatively common 5-10%
preexisting primary hypertension mostly |
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Term
| What the fuck is Pre Eclampsia? |
|
Definition
| Hypertension rises in pregnancy |
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Term
| What the Fuck is actual Eclampsia? |
|
Definition
| That shit is deadly, only if neglected |
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Term
| What is the physiology of Hypertension |
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Definition
| Pressure in the arterial system fluctuates with the cardiac cycle |
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Term
| How do you diagnose hypertension? |
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Definition
Bloodwork, Chest radiograph
High blood pressure readings, anything higher than 140 over 90, persistently high |
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Term
| Prevention of hypertension |
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Definition
| Lifestyle and dietary changes, chemotherapy |
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Term
| What is a Macro nutrient? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrate, proteins, and lipids, because you need a lot of then |
|
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Term
| What is a micro nutrient? |
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Definition
| Necessary nutrients, vitamins, other nutrients, dont need as many |
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Term
|
Definition
| Unit of measurment of energy, for food it is actually kilocalorie |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| For young adults, 2500 Kilocals and 2000 kilocals for women a day |
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Term
| What is the fuck is LBW? What does that shit cause? |
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Definition
| Low birth weight beetch. Causes long term impact of children into long term adulthood, Louisiana ranks last |
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Term
| What regions have lowest food consumption, undernourished |
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Definition
| Central America, Africa, and South Asia, developing countries |
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Term
| Whats the deal with MyPyramid 2005? |
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Definition
| Tailors to individuals needs for food consumption, mostly grains, vergeatable, milk, fruits, meat and beans, oils in that order |
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Term
| Actual causes of death from poor diet and phyiscal activity? |
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Definition
| 16.6% poor diet and physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| High body mass index, Over 25% is overweight, over 3% is obese |
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Term
| Red meat causes what kind of cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Fruits and Vegetables can cause ____ cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Fiber can lessen what kind of cancer? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Obesity is a risk factor for ______ cancer |
|
Definition
Breast Cancer
More fat issue leads to more estrogen |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chronic condition characterized by raised plasma glucose levels and bodies inability to produce or use insulin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type 1 diabetes when it produces no insulin, less common |
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Term
| What is type two diabetes? |
|
Definition
| Caused by insulin resistance and deficiencies, more common 80% recognized, (acquired diabetes) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small simple protein, also hormone, regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism |
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Term
| What is the history of diabetes? |
|
Definition
Maimonides-first one to do epidemiology, found more common in warm countries
Galen called it diarrhea of Urine, thirsty disease |
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|
Term
What is IGT?
What is IFG? |
|
Definition
Impaired Glucose Tolerance- Prediabetic state, before type 2
Impaired Fasting Glucose-Glucose levels between 100-125 after fasting, higher risk of diabetes |
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Term
| What is the deal with Pima Indians? |
|
Definition
| Have Gene that makes them store fat energy, efficiency. Their genes store fat, energy more, because they have evolved to store fat in preparation for fasting |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes? |
|
Definition
Frequent Urination
Constant Thirst
Increased fatigue
Unusual weight loss |
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Term
|
Definition
Family History
Hypertension
Age
Obesity |
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|
Term
| What is the disease burden of Diabetes? |
|
Definition
Increasing by 150% in developing countries by 2030
Louisiana has 11% prevalence rate |
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Term
|
Definition
Lifestyle changes
Insulin injections
Medicine to control blood pressure and cholestrol |
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|
Term
| What is the definition of cancer at cellular level? |
|
Definition
| Abnormal cells divide without control and invade other tissues, uncontrollable cell growth |
|
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Term
| What can malignant tumors do? |
|
Definition
| Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of body, more dangerous |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Spreading of cancer from one part of the body to others |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of Cancer? |
|
Definition
Lumps, enlarged organs, compression of surrounding tissues may cause blood pressure compression hemmorhage, pain
Weight loss, fatigue, anemia |
|
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Term
| Signs and Systems of Metastasis? |
|
Definition
| Enlarged lymphnodes, cough, enlarged liver, Bone pain |
|
|
Term
| Cancer is the number ____ killer in US |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ____ of men worldwide will have cancer anywhere in their bodies |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ____ of men will have lung cancer |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _____ of women will get cancer |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _____ of women will get lung cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many Americans live with Cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two leading killers worldwide for men and women? |
|
Definition
Men are lung and stomach
Women are breast and lung |
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Term
| Most diagnosed cancer types in the world for mena and women? |
|
Definition
Lung Prostate for men
Breast Cervix for women |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| low physical activity, tobacco, alcohol, obesity, diet, infectious disease agents, radiation, occupation and genetics |
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|
Term
| What is the history of Tobacco use? |
|
Definition
| Doll and Hill did first test in the 1950s in London comparing non smokers and smokers that were lung cancer patients. Early 20th century sharp increase |
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Term
| 90% of lung cancer is __________ |
|
Definition
| bronchogenic carcinoma, Most lethal type of malignant tumor, 3 million people a year die from it |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer |
|
Definition
Chronic cough
Wheezing
Chest pain, Shortness of breath
fatigue, loss of appetite |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnosis lung cancer? |
|
Definition
| Through chest xrays, CT Scans and PET and Blood test |
|
|
Term
| The two types of lung cancer are |
|
Definition
Small cell-20%
non small cell-80% |
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|
Term
| Where are most of the carcogens from tobacco formed? |
|
Definition
| During the curing process |
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|
Term
| The attempt to decrease tar leads to ______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered binge drinking? |
|
Definition
| 5 drinks for men 4 for women |
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Term
|
Definition
| The replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis and scar tissue |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of cirrhosis |
|
Definition
| Lower quality of life, more prone to infection, liver transplant needed |
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|
Term
| Alcohol leads to _____ disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only treatment for liver disease is_______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fetal alcohol syndrome causes |
|
Definition
Mental and Physical defects
Stunts fetal development
Head is disfigured
cognitive and functional disabilities |
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|
Term
| More than ____ drinks a week seem to cause FAS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for type __ diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moderate drinking can prevent ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol raises the chance of STD's and HIV because________ |
|
Definition
| less cautious, more risky behavior |
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|
Term
| Excess alcohol use is men and women messes with Reproductive system. T/F? |
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Definition
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