Term
|
Definition
| prevalent over a whole country or the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regularly found among particular people or in a certain area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conducted the first clinical trial. developed the idea that citrus fruits cured scurvy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of immunization became less risky when this british physician proved that inoculation with cowpox matter provided immunity to small pox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pioneer of antiseptic procedures. found that washing hands would drastically reduce incidence of puerperal fever |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between clinical medicine and public health? |
|
Definition
| medicine focuses on healing individual patients who are ill, while public health focus preventing illness int he community |
|
|
Term
| What are the core functions of public health? |
|
Definition
1. Assess the health of the population
2.diagnose the population's problems
3. seek the causes of the problems
4. Devise strategies to cure the problems |
|
|
Term
| Define primary prevention |
|
Definition
| preventing injury or illness from occurring by preventing exposure to risk factors |
|
|
Term
| Define secondary prevention |
|
Definition
| seeks to minimize the severity of the illness once the event has occurred |
|
|
Term
| Define tertiary prevention |
|
Definition
| seeks to minimize disability by providing medical care and rehabilitation |
|
|
Term
| What is descriptive epidemiology? |
|
Definition
| Answers to the who, when, and where questions provide clues about the causes of a disease or source of an outbreak |
|
|
Term
| Incidence (know how to calculate) |
|
Definition
| The rate of new cases in a disease in a defined population in a defined period of time. Measures the probability that a healthy person in that population will develop the disease during that time. Count reported cases and divide by the population at risk. |
|
|
Term
| Prevalence (know how to calculate) |
|
Definition
| The total number of cases existing in a defined population at a specific time. Measured by doing a survey. |
|
|
Term
| Relationship between prevalence and incidence |
|
Definition
| relationship depends on how long people live with the disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The crude mortality rate is the mortality rate from all causes of death for a population during a specified time period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
They are used when comparing different populations or for comparing trends in a given population over
time. Because the occurrence of many health conditions is related to age, the most common
adjustment for public health data is age adjustment. |
|
|
Term
| Relative Risk (know how to calculate and interpret) |
|
Definition
| The ratio of the incidence rate for persons exposed to the factor to the incidence rate for persons in the unexposed group. A value greater than 1.0 indicates an increased risk from exposure while a value less than 1.0 indicates decreased risk. Think smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer |
|
|
Term
| odds ratio (know how to calculate and interpret) |
|
Definition
| is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. |
|
|
