Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PTAP 210 vocabulary list
bunch of words
95
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2019

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
acalculia
Definition
learning or speech disorder characterized by inability to perform simple arithmetic operations, typ disease or injury to parietal lobe
Term
agnosia
Definition
inability to recognize or comprehend sights, sounds, words, or other sensory info (as in auditory agnosia, etc)
Term
agraphia
Definition
loss of ability to write
Term
akinesia
Definition
partial or complete loss or suppression of muscle movement
Term
alexia
Definition
loss of ability to understand written or printed words
Term
allograft
Definition
organ or tissue transplanted from another genetically dissimilar member of same species
Term
anarthria
Definition
loss of power to speak distinctly from neural lesion or muscular defect
Term
anomia
Definition
inability to remember names of objects
Term
anosognosia
Definition
the apparent denial or unawareness of one's own neurological defect
Term
anterior cord syndrome
Definition
flexion injury to c-spine causing damage to ant cords or vascular supply from ant spinal artery; motor loss corticospinal, sensory loss ant/lat spinothalamic (crude touch & pressure)
Term
aphasia
Definition
absence or impairment of the ability to communicate by speech, writing or signs b/c of brain disfunction
Term
apraxia
Definition
inability to perform purposeful movements although there is no sensory or motor impairment
Term
astereognosis (tactile agnosia)
Definition
inability to distinguish objects by sense of touch
Term
asthenia
Definition
lack or loss of strength; debility; any weakness but esp 1 originating in muscular or cerebellar disease
Term
ataxia
Definition
defective muscular coordination, esp that manifested when voluntary movements are attempted
Term
athetosis
Definition
slow, irregular, twisting & voluntary movements in UEs
Term
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Definition
hemisection of spinal cord with paralysis, loss of position & vibratory sense & ataxia on same side of body as lesion, loss of pain & temp sensitivity on opp side
Term
bulbocavernosus reflex/ "Osinski reflex"(positive)
Definition
test for spinal shock & state of SCI;monitor anal sphincter contraction in response to squeezing glans penis or clitoris or tugging on Foley
Term
cauda equina lesion
Definition
bundle of nerves below end of spinal cord;damaged periph nerve injury with same potential recovery as other PNS lesion
Term
central cord syndrome
Definition
typ hyperextension injury c-spine; typ more involvement UE than LE, sensory typ less affected than motor
Term
chorea
Definition
involuntary dancing or writhing of the limbs or facial muscles
Term
choreoathetosis
Definition
type of athetosis freq seen in CP, marked by extreme ROM, jerkyy involuntary movements that are more proximal than distal & muscle tone hypo>hyper -tonia
Term
clonus
Definition
spasmodic alternation of muscular contractions between antagonistic muscle groups caused by hyperactive stretch reflex from UMN lesion
Term
conduction time (NCV)
Definition
test to see how fast elec signals move through nerve; done with electromyography to assess muscles
Term
confabulation
Definition
behavioral reaction to memory loss, pt unconsciously fills memory gaps with inappropriate words or fabricated ideas, often in great detail
Term
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Definition
shunt that permits blood to travel from aorta or internal mammary artery to a branch of coronary artery at a point past obstruction;typ opening chest & sternum, spreading ribs, use of heart/lung oxygenation
Term
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Definition
narrowing or coronary arteries, usually result of atherosclerosis; most common cause of death; if blockages limit flow of blood to myocardium, ischemia or infarction of heart muscle may occur
Term
coup-contrecoup injury
Definition
injury to brain opp side of primary injury
Term
crede maneuver
Definition
appl'n pressure over pubic symphysis for expulsion of urine for flaccid bladder, esp paralysis after SCI
Term
decerebrate rigidity
Definition
extended arms, pronated forearms, exaggerated DTRs; usually due to brainstem damage
Term
decorticate rigidity
Definition
flexed arms, clenched fists, extended legs; typ pt has lesion at or above upper brainstem
Term
dermatome
Definition
a band or region of skin supplied by a single sensory nerve
Term
diaschisis
Definition
in a person with focal brain injury, reduction of synaptic activity (& often cerebral blood flow & metabolism) in a part of the brain remote from the injury; often restored w/ rehab or return of blood flow
Term
dysarthria
Definition
impairments or clumsiness in uttering of words due to disease of oral, lingual or pharyngeal muscles; diff to understand but no evidence of aphasia
Term
dyscalculia
Definition
inability to make calculations as from learning disability orstroke
Term
dysdiadochokinesia
Definition
impairment in making smooth & rapid alternating movements indicating ataxia (impaired cerebellar function)
Term
dysesthesia
Definition
abnormal & unpleasant sensation, e.g. burning, cutting, numbness, etc
Term
dyskinesia
Definition
any disorder char. by uncontrolled or involuntary movements; defect in ability to perform voluntary movement
Term
dysmetria
Definition
inability to control range of movement
Term
dysphagia
Definition
inability to swallow or difficulty swallowing
Term
dysphasia
Definition
impairment of speech resulting from brain lesion or neurodevelopmental disorder
Term
flaccidity
Definition
defective or absent muscle tone
Term
hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
result of rupture or trauma to cerebral blood vessels, causing abnormal bleeding
Term
heterotopic ossification
Definition
abnormal growth of bone in non-skeletal tissues incl muscle, tendons, etc,@ 3x normal rate, leading to jagged painful joints typ. musculoskeletal trauma, SCI, CNS injury
Term
hypertonia
Definition
excess of muscular or arterial tone or incomplete relaxation
Term
homonymous hemianopsiara
Definition
blindness of nasal half of visual field of 1 eye & temporal half of other eye; right/left-sided hemianopsia +corresponding sides in both eyes
Term
fasciculations
Definition
involuntary contraction or twitching of muscle fibers, visible under the skin;spontaneous contractions of muscle fibers that do not cause movement at a joint
Term
hypomobility
Definition
restricted joint movement that limits normal ROM
Term
incomplete lesion of spinal cord
Definition
some sensation/function below point of injury
Term
intracranial pressure (ICP)
Definition
measurement of the pressure of brain tissue & cerebrospinal fluid that cushions & surrounds brain & spinal cord; monitors health of brain after injury
Term
ischemic stroke
Definition
stroke caused by diminished blood flow to part. artery in brain due to clot (thrombus)or embolus
Term
level of cognitive function (LOCF) Rancho los Amigos Scale
Definition
scale used to descriibe cognitive & behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury from I no response to VIII purposeful-appropriate
Term
lower motor neuron syndrome
Definition
flaccid paralysis or paresis, diminished or absent DTRs, no evidence pathological reflexes
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
loss of living heart muscle as a result of coronary artery occlusion
Term
neurectomy
Definition
partial or total excision or resection of a nerve
Term
neuromas
Definition
former term for any type of tumor composed of nerve cells; classif now made re: portion of nerve (glioneuroma, neurilemmoma, etc)
Term
neuropathy
Definition
any disease of the nerves; diabetic neuropathy- damage to autonomic motor &/or sensory nerves due to metabolic or vascular derangements in patients w/ longstanding diabetes mellitus
Term
nystagmaus
Definition
involuntary back-&-forth or cyclical movements of the eyes. most noticeable when gazing at objects moving by rapidly or at fixed objects in peripheral field of view
Term
opisthotonus
Definition
tetanic spasm in which head & heels are bent backward & body is bowed forward as in strichnine poisoning, tetanus, epilepsy, rabies, severe meningitis
Term
osteotomy
Definition
the operation or cutting through a bone
Term
paraplegia
Definition
paralysis of the lower portion of the body & of both legs caused by a lesion of spinal cord
Term
paresthesia
Definition
abnormal or unpleasant sensation that results from injury to 1 or more nerves
Term
peripheral neuropathy
Definition
any syndrome in which muscle weakness, paresthesias, impaired reflexes & autonomic symptoms in hands & feet
Term
perseveration
Definition
abnormal, compulsive & inappropriate repetition of words or behaviors; symptom of schizophrenia, diseases of frontal lobes; repetition of rhythmic but meaningless actions, behaviors, movements
Term
phantom limb
Definition
the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached
Term
phantom pain
Definition
pain that feels like it's coming from a body part that's no longer there
Term
pitting edema
Definition
observable swelling of body tissues due to fluid accumulation that may be demonstrated by applying pressure to swollen area (depressing skin w/finger)
Term
posterior cord syndrome
Definition
very rare, affects tracts in posterior cord; loss of proprioception & vibration due to hyperextension/compression injury
Term
premorbid
Definition
occurring before the development of disease
Term
proprioception
Definition
awareness of posture, movement & changes in equilibrium & knowledge of position, weight, & resistance of objects in relation to the body
Term
proprioceptors
Definition
receptors in joints, muscles & fascia that respond to stimuli originating within the body (pressure, position, stretch)
Term
kinesthesia
Definition
ability to perceive extent, direction or weight of movement
Term
pseudobulbar effect
Definition
emotional outbursts of uncontrolled/exaggerated laughing or crying inconsistent with mood
Term
retrograde amnesia
Definition
amnesia for events that occurred before a specific precipitant
Term
rhizotomy
Definition
surgical section of a nerve root to relieve pain or reduce spasticity
Term
sacral sparing
Definition
incomp lesion w/ degrees of intact sacral fragments; typ sparing of long ascending/descending tracts, incl rectal proprioception, active sphincter contraction, toe flexion
Term
somatognosia
Definition
inability to identify any part of the body
Term
spasticity
Definition
motor disorder characterized by velocity-dependent increased muscle tone, exaggerated tendon jerks & clonus as the result of UMN lesion
Term
spinal shock
Definition
transient reflex depression, absence of all reflex activity, flaccidity, loss of sensation below lesion; may last several hours to weeks
Term
stereognosis
Definition
ability to recognize the form of solid objects by touch
Term
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Definition
hemorrhage below or under arahnoid membrane & above pia mater of brain covering & spinal cord, typ rupture of intracranial aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, hypertension
Term
subdural hematoma
Definition
bleeding into the space between dura mater & arachnoid layer, usually result of head injury
Term
swan neck deformity
Definition
flexion of distal interphalangeal joints & hyperextension proximal interphalangeal joints, esp rheumatoid arthritis
Term
synergies
Definition
actions of 2 or more agents, muscles or organs working with each other
Term
synergy patterns
Definition
primitive movements that dominate reflex & voluntary effort when spasticity is present following CVA
Term
tenodesis (SCI)
Definition
passive insufficiency of finger flexors during extension of wrist causes finger flexion; used for functional grip in individuals with C6 injury or above
Term
tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
Definition
paralysis of all 4 extremities secondary to disease/injury of spinal cord (>C3 paralyzes diaphragm)
Term
thrombotic stroke
Definition
stroke resulting from formation of clot in cerebral arteries or extracranial blood vessels
Term
thrombus
Definition
blood clot that adheres to the wall of a blood vessel or organ, possibly obstructing vessel or organ, preventing flow of blood
Term
transient ischemic attack (TIA or mini-stroke)
Definition
temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain
Term
Trendelenberg position
Definition
patient's head is low & body/legs are elevated
Term
Unna's dressing/boot
Definition
bootlike dressing of LE made of layers of gauze & Unna paste, often for treatment of ulcers of leg
Term
upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome
Definition
paresis, decrease motor control, hypo/hypertonia, decrease endurance, exaggerated DTRs incl spasticity & clonus, diminished/absent superficial reflexes
Term
valsalva maneuver
Definition
attempt to forcibly exhale with glottis, nose, mouth closed increase intrathoracic pressure, slow pulse, decrease blood return to heart, increase venous pressure
Term
verbal apraxia (speech apraxia)
Definition
motor speech disorder
Supporting users have an ad free experience!