Term
| reflex neurogenic bladder |
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Definition
| SCI lesion above conus medularis, signals can go to spinal cord, set off reflex to empty without brain saying when |
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Term
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Definition
| SCI lesion at conus medularis -flaccid- emptying can be done with valsalva or crede maneuver |
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Term
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Definition
| red spot that blanches, skin unbroken, mark fades 30-60 min after pressure removed |
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Term
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Definition
| skin loss involving dermis/edpidermis; ulcer is superficial & presents as blister, abrasion or shallow crater; pain is present |
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Term
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Definition
| full thickness skin loss with damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that extends down to but not through underlying fascia; usually presents as deep crater; not as painful due to nerve damage |
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Term
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Definition
| full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, damage to muscle, bone or supporting structures; no pain |
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Term
| criteria for determining intact spinal cord |
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Definition
| MMT 3+ with grossly intact sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to 1 side of spinal cord, ipsilateral motor, contralateral sensory/spinothalamic |
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Term
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Definition
| flexion injury of c-spine, damage to anterior cord or vascular supply from anterior spinal artery; motor loss due to damage corticospinal tract, loss of touch/pressure & pain/temp due to damage to ant & lateral spinothalamic tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperextension injury to c-spine, compressive forces cause hemorrhage & edema, result in damage to most central portion of cord, typ more UE involvememnt than LE |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of proprioception & vibration due to hyperextension & compression injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete lesion, intact proprioception in rectum, active sphincter contraction & toe flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| less often complete lesion due to mobility of nerves & greater # of nerve roots, a peripheral nerve injury |
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Term
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Definition
| contagious viral infection causes paralysis by damage to anterior horn cells (LMN) but may also affect UMN |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual or sudden onset of disorders 15+ years after initial bout; stress & degeneration of individual nerve terminals in motor units; cause unknown |
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Term
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Definition
| slowly progressive disease characterized by disseminated patches of demyelination in brain & spinal cord, resulting in multiple & varied neurological signs, usually with remissions & exacerbations |
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Term
| Amylotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
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Definition
| rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease damagaes anterior horn cells (gray matter) in spinal cord & destroys pyramidal tracts (motor pathways); no sensory, visual, cognitive or hearing changes; both UMN & LMN affected |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive disorder characterized by premature, diffuse cerebral atrophy, particularly frontal lobes; stages progress 8-10 years mild, moderate, severe |
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Term
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Definition
| degenerative disoder of basal ganglia (midbrain), part. substantia nigra; degenration of nerve cells & neurotransmitter dopamine> decrease dopamine produces disorder of body movement & is progressive, stages I-V |
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Term
| Acute Transverse Myelitis |
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Definition
| neurological syndrome caused by inflam of spinal cord, affects both gray & white matter causing severe deficit with global sensorimotor paraplegia below level of lesion, urinary retention & loss of bowel control |
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Term
| class 1 traumatic lesion of peripheral nerve |
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Definition
| mild/moderate compression of nerve; recovery 3 months |
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Term
| class 2 traumatic lesion of peripheral nerve |
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Definition
| closed-crush or percussion injuries; recovery several months to years (proximal to distal) |
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Term
| class 3 traumatic lesion of peripheral nerve |
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Definition
| stab wounds, bullet wounds, severe stretch injury (brachial plexus); involve total motor, sensory & autoimmune dysfunction |
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Term
| reflex sympathetic dystrophy |
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Definition
| aka causalgia or complex regional pain syndrome, caused by injury to peripheral nerve, mechanism unknown, syndrome involves severe burning pain, vasomotor disturbances (profuse sweating, edema) & hypersensitivity, typ UE |
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Term
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Definition
| upper (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury; paralysis of deltoid, biceps, brachioradialis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus & subscapularis; arreflexia of biceps & brachioradialis, sensory loss lateral shoulder, upper arm & radial side forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| lower (C8-T1) brachial plexus injury; paralysis of hand intrinsics resulting in claw hand, weak wrist flexors, sensory loss medial forearm/hand & lateral 2 fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| aka "Saturday Night Paralysis", extent & location paralysis depends on location of injury & results in wrist drop |
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Term
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Definition
| most flexors, most serious single nerve injury as thumb & index nonfunctional, leads to ape hand |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| supplies iliacus, pectineus, sartorius & quads; damage affects patellar reflex, sensation anterior thigh & medial portion lower leg |
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Term
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Definition
| results in foot drop & paralysis of all muscles below knee, sensory loss of entire foot except medial surface, posterolateral 2/3 of calf |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of sensation sole of foot, inability to plantarflex, invert foot, flex toes, claw toes |
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Term
| common peroneal nerve injury |
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Definition
| foot drop due to lack of active dorsiflexion, eversion, toe extension |
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Term
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Definition
| entrapment of median nerve at wrist beneath flexor retinaculum |
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Term
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Definition
| entrapment of tibial nerve at flexor retinaculum of ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| unilateral facial paralysis, sudden onset, unknown etiology, compression of facial nerve results in paralysis; pain behind 1 ear, inability to close 1 eye, drooling 1 side, inability to control facial muscles |
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Term
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease |
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Definition
| autosomal dominant inherited neuropathy; weakness of muscles of foot & lower legs, foot drop, high steppage gait, may affect muscles of hands |
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Term
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Definition
| post infectious polyneuritis or acute idiopathic polyneuropathy; inflam disorder affects periph nerves, sensory & motor tracts, autonomic functions & cranial nerves (heavily myelinated); abrupt onset; acute(1-3 weeks), plateau (sev days-2 weeks), recovery (6-18 mos) stages |
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Term
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Definition
| coordination & voluntary motor responses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lateral rubrospinal tract |
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Definition
| tone, posture & coordination |
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Term
| anterior & lateral reticulospinal tracts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anterior, posterior & lateral spinocerebellar |
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Definition
| subconscious proprioception |
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Term
| posterior fasciculus gracilis & fasciculus cuneatous |
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Definition
| 2 point discrimination, conscious proprioception & vibration |
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Term
| damage to upper motor neuron |
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Definition
| spastic paralysis/paresis, little or no muscle atrophy, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, diminished or absent superficial reflexes |
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Term
| damage to lower motor neuron |
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Definition
| inability to not respond reflexively, flaccid paralysis, muscle atrophy, diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes |
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