Term
| 1. _____ is the therapeutic application of forces and substances that induce a physiological response and use and/or allow the body’s natural process to return to a more normal state of health. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. contraindications to all modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) HEMORRHAGE, 2) INFECTION WITH SUPPURATION, 3) MALIGNANCY |
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Term
| 3. Malignancy is contraindicated in the use of all modalities except for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. contraindications to all heating modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) DIABETES MELLITUS, 2) ENCAPSULATED SWELLINGS, 3) ACTIVE TB, 4) DECREASED THERMAL SENSATIONS, 5) EDEMA, 6) ABDOMEN OR LOW BACK DURING PREGNANCY, 7) ACUTE CONDITIONS |
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Term
| 5. contraindications to all electrical modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) BRAIN, 2) EYES, 3) HEART, 4) CAROTID SINUS, 5) PACEMAKER, 6) ANESTHESIA, 7) LOW BACK DURING PREGNANCY, 8) OPEN WOUNDS |
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Term
| 6. Anesthesia is contraindicated in all electrical therapies except for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. The low back during pregnancy is contraindicated in all electrical therapies except for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. _____ conditions last up to 72 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. _____ conditions last longer than 72 hours, or during the early phases of disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. In subacute conditions, swelling is limited, but _____ and _____ prevent healing. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. _____, which is alternating vasodilation and vasoconstriction, is beneficial to subacute conditions and peripheral vascular diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. _____ conditions last 2 weeks longer than anticipated. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. What is the treatment of all acute conditions? |
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Definition
| PRICES (PROTECT, REST, ICE, COMPRESS, ELEVATION, SUPPORT) |
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Term
| 14. _____ is an ultra low (<1) cellular healing modality. |
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Definition
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Term
| 15. low (1-150) contraction modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) EMS, 2) HIGH VOLT CURRENT, 3) LOW VOLT GALVANISM, 4) SINE, 5) FARADIC, 6) INTERFERENTIAL, 7) RUSSIAN STIM, 8) TENS |
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Term
| 16. medium (1,000-10,000) depth modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) INTERFERENTIAL (4,000), 2) RUSSIAN STIM (2,000) |
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Term
| 17. superficial (1 million Hz) heating modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) INFRARED, 2) ULTRAVIOLET1) SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY, 2) MICROWAVE DIATHERMY, 3) ULTRASOUND |
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Term
| 18. deep (1 million Hz) heating modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY, 2) MICROWAVE DIATHERMY, 3) ULTRASOUND |
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Term
| 19. _____ current is biphasic and has no polarity. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. _____ current is monophasic and has polarity. |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. _____ current has a symmetrical wave form |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. _____ current has an asymmetrical (sporadic) wave form |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. _____ current has two sine waves |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. _____ current has a make and break wave form |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. _____ current has a twin pulsed peak wave from |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. Electrical modality treatments result in these changes. |
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Definition
| 1) ELECTROTHERMAL, 2) ELECTROCHEMICAL, 3) ELECTROPHYSICAL |
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Term
| 27. Electrical treatments result in _____ changes, in which micro-vibration electrically leads to heat through Joule’s law. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. Electrical treatments result in _____ changes through the use of iontophoresis and opoid frequencies. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. Iontophoresis is an electric modality that uses _____ current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 30. Opoid frequencies of _____ release endorphins. |
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Definition
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Term
| 31. Opoid frequencies of _____ release enkephalins. |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. Electrical treatments result in _____ changes in which ions push other molecules around shifting the sodium potassium pump resulting in contraction. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. Increasing the electrical _____ results in deeper penetration. |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. _____ frequency results in decreased skin imprudence, and is best to use a bigger electrode with increased voltage. |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. What is the pad placement to isolate the muscle when dealing with electrical currents? |
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Definition
| ON THE MOTOR POINT OR MUSCLE BELLY |
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Term
| 36. What is the pad placement for weak muscles when dealing with electrical currents? |
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Definition
| EITHER SIDE OF THE MUSCLE BELLY |
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Term
| 37. The general pad rule when using electrical stimulation in regards to mA is _____. |
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Definition
| 1mA PER SQUARE INCH OF PAD SIZE (3” SQUARE PAD = 9MA) |
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Term
| 38. What is the mA problem one must worry about when dealing with electrical modalities? |
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Definition
| IF THE DISPERSAL PAD IS TOO SMALL, OR ACTIVE SITES ARE TOO LARGE IT MAY CAUSE A SHOCK |
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Term
| 39. This type of electrical treatment procedure is used on a large area or trigger/acupuncture point. It uses a dispersal pad and a few small active pads. |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. This type of electrical treatment procedure is used on a small muscle group, and the dispersal and active pads are equal in size. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. This type of electrical treatment procedure uses a crisscross pattern of dispersal pads. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. What type of electrical current is used for pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. What type of electrical current is used for exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. What type of electrical current is used for fatigue/spasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. What type of electrical current limits accommodation (contract agonist, then antagonist)? |
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Definition
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Term
| 46. What type of electrical current avoids accommodation? |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. What type of electrical current provides packages of stimulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. What is the PPS that should be used to stimulate endorphin release? |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. What is the PPS that should be used to stimulate encephalin release? |
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Definition
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Term
| 50. What is the PPS that should be used for edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| 51. What is the PPS that should be used for exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| 52. What is the PPS that should be used for fatigue? |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. _____ of electric currents charges up one line causing equal electrical lines of force (one object produces electromagnetic property in another). |
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Definition
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Term
| 54. _____ is charge produced by electro-induction. |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. What are the components of electric waveforms? |
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Definition
| 1) PULSE WIDTH, 2) INTERPULSE WIDTH, 3) FREQUENCY |
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Term
| 56. _____is the magnitude/depth of electrical current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 57. _____ is the number of electrons that flows. |
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Definition
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Term
| 58. Electrical current is measured in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 59. _____ increases or decreases the voltage of electrical current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 60. _____ stores of electrical energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| 61. Capacitance is measures in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 62. _____ is the property of a substance that opposes electrical current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 63. Resistance is measured in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 64. Decreased resistance = _____ conduction. |
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Definition
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Term
| 65. _____ is the force behind the electrons that is used to determine the difference in force between 2 objects whether they are connected or not. |
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Definition
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Term
| 66. The electromagnetic force is measured in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 67. The greater the charge causes an _____ in the electromagnetic force. |
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Definition
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Term
| 68. The greater the distance causes a _____ in the electromagnetic force. |
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Definition
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Term
| 69. _____ slows down the electromagnetic force. |
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Definition
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Term
| 70. _____ is the time necessary for contraction when the rheobase is doubled. |
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Definition
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Term
| 71. _____ is the minimum volts necessary to excite a nerve. |
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Definition
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Term
| 72. _____ states that innervated muscles respond differently than denervated muscles in response to electrical current. |
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Definition
| REACTION OF DEGENERATION (R.D. FACTOR) |
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Term
| 73. _____ and _____ currents are compared to determine the extent of damage and prognosis in the reaction of degeneration (R.D. factor). |
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Definition
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Term
| 74. _____ is the best test to determine muscle innervation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 75. _____ is the best test to determine nerve conduction. |
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Definition
| NCV (NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITY) |
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Term
| 76. This law states that the energy of the modality has to be absorbed by the body to stimulate a physiological response. |
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Definition
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Term
| 77. This law states that there is an inverse relationship between penetration and absorption of energy (US). |
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Definition
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Term
| 78. stages of cold response. |
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Definition
| 1) COLD, 2) BURN, 3) ACHE, 4) NUMBNESS CBAN |
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Term
| 79. Treatment temperatures for cold treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 80. Treatment temperatures for cool treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 81. Treatment temperatures for tepid treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 82. Treatment temperatures for neutral treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 83. Treatment temperatures for warm treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 84. Treatment temperatures for hot treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 85. Treatment temperatures for very hot treatment is _____deg F. |
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Definition
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Term
| 86. This type of heat transmission is the transmission of heat in gases and liquids by circulation of heat particles. |
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Definition
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Term
| 87. examples of convection modalities. |
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Definition
| 1) HOT AND COLD BATHS, 2) INFRARED |
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Term
| 88. This type of heat transmission is the transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting warm. |
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Definition
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Term
| 89. 4 examples of radiation heat. |
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Definition
| 1) LAMPS, 2) MICROWAVE DIATHERMY, 3) INFRARED, 4) UV |
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Term
| 90. This type of heat transmission involves the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| 91. What is an example of conversion heat? |
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Definition
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Term
| 92. This type of heat transmission involves the transfer of heat through a substance, often heating up a solid. |
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Definition
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Term
| 93. 4 examples of conduction heat. |
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Definition
| 1) ICE, 2) HYDROCOLLATOR, 3) PARAFFIN, 4) INFRARED |
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Term
| 94. Heat does these things in regards to circulation. |
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Definition
| 1) VASODILATION, 2) INCREASED BLOOD FLOW, 3) DECREASED BP, 4) INCREASED EDEMA |
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Term
| 95. Heat causes an _____ in cellular metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| 96. Heat does these things in regards to connective tissue. |
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Definition
| 1) DECREASED VISCOSITY, 2) INCREASED ABILITY TO STRETCH, 3) DECREASED STIFFNESS |
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Term
| 97. Heat causes a _____ in pain sensation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 98. Heat does these things in regards to the neuromuscular system. |
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Definition
| 1) DECREASED MUSCLE SPASM, 2) DECREASED MUSCLES STRENGTH, 3) DECREASED ENDURANCE |
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Term
| 99. Cold does these things in regards to circulation. |
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Definition
| 1) VASOCONSTRITION, 2) DECREASED BLOOD FLOW, 3) INCREASED BP, 4) DECREASED EDEMA |
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Term
| 100. Cold causes a _____ in cellular metabolism. |
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Definition
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