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PT NBCE Q8
Dr. Lock Passive Care Test 1
139
Health Care
Professional
02/25/2013
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Term
1.       The national college of chiropractic first class in P.T. was in what year?
 Definition
1914
Term
9.       What questions should you ask yourself when treating a patient.
 Definition
1) WHAT PATHOLOGY EXISTS IN THE CONDITION TO BE TREATED, 2) WHAT IS THE IDEAL POSITION FOR THE PATIENT DURING TREATMENT, 3) WHAT WOULD BE THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRENGTH DOSE, AND OR FREQUENCY, 4) WHAT CHANGE DO I EXPECT, 5) WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE CONTRAINDICATIONS
Term
10.   _____ is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described by the patient in terms of such damage.
 Definition
PAIN
Term
12.   These nerve receptor fibers sense light touch.
 Definition
MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLES
Term
13.   These nerve receptor fibers sense deep pressure.
 Definition
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES
Term
14.   There nerve receptor fibers sense slow deep pressure.
 Definition
MERKEL’S CORPUSCLES
Term
15.   These nerve receptor fibers sense touch, tension, head and positional changes.
 Definition
RUFFINI CORPUSCLES
Term
16.   These nerve receptor fibers sense temperature and touch.
 Definition
KRAUSE END BULBS
Term
17.   There nerve receptor fibers sense mechanical, thermal and chemical changes.
 Definition
NOCICEPTORS
Term
18.   Pain is perceived in these different levels of the body.
 Definition
1) LOCAL SITE, 2) SPINAL CORD, 3) BRAIN
Term
19.   These nerve fiber types become activated by pain.
 Definition
1) A DELTA, 2) C FIBERS
Term
20.   8 different nociceptive irritants.
 Definition
1) POTASSIUM IONS, 2) PROSTAGLANDINS E-2, 3) LEUKOTRIENE B-4, 4) HISTAMINE, 5) 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, 6) BRADYKININ, 7) CYTOKINES, 8) LACTIC ACID
Term
21.   These pain fibers are small, fast myelinated fibers that sense acute sharp pain.
 Definition
A- DELTA
Term
22.   These pain fibers sense first order pain.
 Definition
A- DELTA
Term
23.   These pain fibers are slow, small, unmyelinated, burning, dull, poorly localized pain receptors.
 Definition
C- FIBERS
Term
24.   These pain fibers sense second order pain.
 Definition
C- FIBERS
Term
25.   What are the 3 stages of pain.
 Definition
1) IMMEDIATE PAIN, 2) ACUTE PAIN, 3) CHRONIC PAIN
Term
26.   During _____ pain, nociception is the prompt signaling of tissue threat and/or damage via injury sensitive A-delta and C-fibers.
 Definition
IMMEDIATE PAIN
Term
27.   During _____ pain, inflammation generates pain by producing algogenic substrates that activate nociception.
 Definition
ACUTE PAIN
Term
28.   _____ pain is always associated with inflammation what we must deal with.
 Definition
ACUTE PAIN
Term
29.   _____ pain involves ongoing nociception or inflammation. Physiological factors such as a somatization disorder, depression, or operant learning processes. Also functional and structural alternation within the central or peripheral nervous system occur.
 Definition
CHRONIC PAIN
Term
30.   Chronic pain is any pain that lasts longer than _____ weeks, while acute pain lasts less than _____.
 Definition
4 WEEKS; 1 MONTH
Term
32.   People with pain over 30 days will always have a _____ component.
 Definition
PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENT
Term
35.   Acute pain leads to _____ of blood vessels.
 Definition
VASODILATION
Term
36.   Chronic pain leads to _____ of blood vessels.
 Definition
VASOCONSTRICTION
Term
37.   Chronic pain eventually leads to _____.
 Definition
COLLAGEN DEGRADATION
Term
38.   Spasms and contractions result in _____.
 Definition
SHORTENED MUSCLE SYNDROME
Term
39.   This type of pain is moderate and causes paraesthesia and numbness. It generally consists of a joint or muscle injury or a visceral pathology.
 Definition
NOCICEPTIVE
Term
40.   Visceral pathologies will act like _____ pain.
 Definition
BACK
Term
41.   _____ pain is severe, sharp, shooting, jabbing, burning or tingling. It usually results from a pinched nerve, nerve injury, or diabetic neuropathy.
 Definition
NEUROPATHIC
Term
42.   ­ _____ pain comes secondary from the pain the patient already experiences. Some perpetuating factors are anxiety, depression and stress.
 Definition
PSYCHOGENIC/PSYCHOLOGICAL
Term
43.   These are different ways to stimulate large fibers to close the “gate theory of pain.”
 Definition
1) ADJUSTMENTS, 2) EXERCISE, 3) TRIGGER POINT THERAPY, 4) GOOD DIET, 5) GOOD LIFE GOALS, 6) COMFORT
Term
44.   These are different ways to activate small fibers which opens the “gate theory of pain.”
 Definition
1) DECONDITIONING, 2) SUBLUXATION, 3) ALCOHOL, 4) TOBACCO, 5) POOR DIET, 6) FEELING OF LOSS/DEPRESSION, 7) CONSTANT IRRITATION
Term
1.       Which types of fibers should you stimulate to decrease pain?
 Definition
1) A-BETA, 2) A-GAMMA
Term
2.       _____, most importantly is a protective mechanism for the human body. When tissues are being damaged for example, it causes a victim to react and remove the irritant. It also warns the body something is amiss, as well as that something is wrong. Once this data becomes stored in the memory bank, it serves to remind us that the stimulus should be avoided in the future.
 Definition
PAIN
Term
3.       The different patterns of pain.
 Definition
1) RADICULAR, 2) MUSCULAR, 3) SCLEROTOME, 4) REFERRED VISCERAL PAIN
Term
4.       Radicular pain follows a specific _____.
 Definition
DERMATOME
Term
5.       Muscular pain follows a specific _____.
 Definition
MYOTOME
Term
6.       _____ is the periosteum, ligament, and muscle that is innervated by a specific spinal level.
 Definition
SCLEROTOME
Term
1.       How long should the recovery time of acute (passive) soft tissue injuries take?
 Definition
48-72 HOURS
Term
2.       How long should the recovery time of remobilization (active) soft tissue injuries take?
 Definition
48 HOURS TO 6 WEEKS
Term
3.       How long should the rehabilitation (active) phase of soft tissue injuries last?
 Definition
3 WEEKS- 1 YEAR
Term
4.       Tissue injury causes restriction of motion due to these things.
 Definition
1) INFLAMMATION AND SWELLING, 2) PAIN, 3) MUSCLE SPASM
Term
5.       Stage 1 of tissue healing occurs for _____ hours in which motion is lost and pain increases.
 Definition
12-72 HOURS
Term
6.       methods of care to minimize pain and swelling.
 Definition
1) REST AND SUPPORT THE INJURED AREA, 2) ICE TO BLOCK SWLLING PAIN AND SPASM
Term
7.       Stage 2 of tissue healing consists of _____ in which fluid trapped in tissues restricts motion, causes pain, and delays healing.
 Definition
PASSIVE CONGESTION
Term
8.       Passive congestion begins by the _____ day.
 Definition
2ND-4TH DAY
Term
9.       goals of care for passive congestion.
 Definition
1) REMOVE FLUID, 2) PAIN RELIEF, 3) BEGIN TO RESTORE MOTION
Term
13.   The pain threshold following an injury is relieved after _____ weeks, while full healing takes about _____ weeks.
 Definition
3; 6
Term
14.   goals of passive care-acute intervention.
 Definition
1) TO PROMOTE ANATOMICAL REST, 2) TO DIMINISH MUSCLE SPASM, 3) TO REDUCE INFLAMMATION, 4) TO ALLEVIATE PAIN
Term
15.   Passive therapy without an active rehabilitation program will result in _____ and create a chronic patient who will gain only temporary palliative benefits from continued passive therapy.
 Definition
DECONDITIONING
Term
16.   There is a universal agreement that of those whose symptoms persist for more than 3-4 months, more than _____ will still be disabled at the end of the year.
 Definition
HALF
Term
17.   How long should passive care-acute intervention last; and how often should it be done?
 Definition
0-72HOURS; AND DAILY TO 3X A WEEK
Term
18.   What types of rehabilitation exercises can one perform during passive care-acute intervention?
 Definition
1) ISOMETRIC EXERCISES,2 ) PAIN FREE ROM, 3) STRETCHING EXERCISES
Term
19.   assessment methods of pain evaluation.
 Definition
1) CASE HISTORY, 2) OUCOME ASSESSMENTS
Term
20.   different outcome assessment tools to evaluate pain.
 Definition
1) BORG PAIN SCALE, 2) GENERAL PAIN DISABILITY INDEX, 3) ROLAND MORRIS DISABILITY INDEX, 4) OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX, 5) PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, 6) MODIFIED ZUNG INDEX
Term
21.   red flags involving pain.
 Definition
1) PATIENT OR FAMILY HISTORY OF MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES, 2) HISTORY OF HEAD INJURY, CONVULSIONS OR IMPAIRED FUNCTION, 3) STRESSFUL CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE, 4) WORK HISORY OF JOB LOSS OR DISSATISFACTION, 5) FINANCIAL PROBLEMS, 6) ANY LITIGATION OR WORK COMPENSATION PENDING
Term
_____ is an exaggerated fear of re-injury or a way of expressing a repressed fear, anxiety, or depression that has been provoked by one or many real or imagined losses. In general these patients have spent a lifetime either ignoring the emotional component of their lives or being overwhelmed by that emotional component.
 Definition
SOMATIZATION OF PAIN
Term
4.       You should use _____Hz of interferential current to deal with chronic pain.
 Definition
3-5HZ
Term
5.       You should use _____Hz of interferential current to deal with subacute pain.
 Definition
1-150HZ
Term
6.       You should use _____ Hz of interferential current to deal with acute pain.
 Definition
80-120HZ
Term
7.       You should use _____ Hz of interferential current to cause a nerve block.
 Definition
4000HZ
Term
8.       You should use _____ Hz of interferential current to deal with muscle spasms.
 Definition
2500HZ
Term
9.       You should use _____ Hz of interferential current to deal with acute edema.
 Definition
1-15HZ
Term
11.   Pain distracters such as cold, heat, emotional responses, TENS and acupuncture stimulate _____ pain fiber types.
 Definition
A-BETA FIBERS
Term
12.   One of the most effective modalities for the treatment of acute NMS injuries involves the therapeutic use of _____.
 Definition
COLD
Term
14.   What is the max time you want to apply heat for following an injury?
 Definition
20-30MIN
Term
15.   If you apply cold to a grade 2 ankle sprain within 24 hours, it will take roughly _____ days to heal, while if you apply cold after 48 hours it will take roughly _____ days to heal.
 Definition
6 DAYS; 11 DAYS
Term
16.   How long does it generally take for a grade 2 ankle sprain to heal without ice?
 Definition
15 DAYS
Term
17.   If you apply cold to a grade 3 ankle sprain within 24 hours it will take roughly _____ days to heal, while if you apply cold after 48 hours, it will take roughly _____ days to heal.
 Definition
13 DAYS; 30 DAYS
Term
18.   How long does it generally take for a grade 3 ankle sprain to heal without ice?
 Definition
33 DAYS
Term
19.   localized effects of cold.
 Definition
1) REDUCED NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITIES IN BOTH MOTOR AND SENSORY FIBERS, 2) ANALGESIA EFFECTED BY A REDUCTION OF EXCITABILITY OF MUSCLE FIBERS, 3) REDUCTION OF CELL METABOLISM, 4) DECREASE IN EXUDATES, 5) REDUCTION IN MUSCLE SPASM, 6) DECREASED CAPILLARY BLOOD PRESSURE, 7) INCREASE IN MUSCLE TONE
Term
20.   reflex effects of cold.
 Definition
1) REFLEX VASOCONSTRICITON IN INTERNAL ORGANS, 2) DECREASED PERSPIRATION AND GLANDULAR ACTIVITY, 3) ANAESTHESIA OF THE PNS, 4) MILD SEDATION OF THE CNS
Term
21.   general physiological effects of cold therapy.
 Definition
1) DECREASED MUSCLE FATIGUE, 2) INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE (HYPERPNEA), 3) INCREASED HEART RATE (TACHYCARDIA), 4) INCREASED LEUKOCYTOSIS
Term
22.   Ice minimizes secondary trauma by decreasing _____ to the involved tissue, and decreasing _____ of the surrounding tissue.
 Definition
BLOOD FLOW; TEMPERATURE
Term
23.   When applying ice, at the cellular level _____ is decreased. Due to this decrease, there is also a decreased demand for _____; therefore nutrients and healthy cells are less likely to die due to the disrupted circulation of the injured area.
 Definition
METABOLISM; OXYGEN
Term
24.   ways that ice works to decrease inflammation.
 Definition
1) DECREAES HEMORRHAGE, 2) DECREASES EDEMA, 3) DECREASES HISTAMINE RELEASE, 4) INCREASES LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE DUE TO DECREASED PRESSURE IN THE EXTRA VASCULAR FLUID
Term
25.   What are the 4 stages of cold?
 Definition
1) 1-3MIN THE AREA FEELS COLD, 2) ACHING/DISCOMFORT, 3) FROM 2-7MIN THERE IS PAIN, 4) FROM 5-12MIN THERE IS NUMBNESS
Term
1.       How long should you apply ice to an injury?
 Definition
20MIN ON; 40MIN OFF
Term
2.       The Lewis-Hunting response to cold states that prolonged applications of cold therapies may trigger paradoxical reactions which may cause these 4 reactions.
 Definition
1) BRIEF LOCAL VASODILATION, 2) REFLEX INTERNAL VASODILATION, 3) DECREASED HEART AND RESPIRATORY RATES, 4) INCREASED LOCAL BLOOD PRESSURE
Term
4.       Always limit ice exposure to under _____min, because anytime longer than this may result in frostbite.
 Definition
30MIN
Term
5.       contraindications to applying cold.
 Definition
1) ALLERGIES TO COLD, 2) RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON, 3) RHEUMATOID CONDITIONS, 4) LOSS OF SENSATION/NUMBNESS
Term
6.       _____ is a cold screening test in which you lightly scratch the area of the treatment. If blood circulation is normal, the area turns white briefly then immediately returns to normal skin color.
 Definition
BLANCHE TEST
Term
9.       What part of PRICE is responsible for the reduction of swelling and promotes the reabsorption of fluids?
 Definition
COMPRESSION
Term
10.   What part of PRICE is responsible for decreasing capillary hydrostatic pressure?
 Definition
ELEVATION
Term
12.   What is the mode of transfer for a commercial cold pack (gel-pack)?
 Definition
CONDUCTION
Term
13.   What is the penetration depth of a commercial cold pack?
 Definition
½ INCH
Term
14.   What is the treatment time for a commercial cold pack?
 Definition
15-20MIN
Term
15.   This icing procedure first involves testing the patient’s reaction to cold. Next the injured area is surrounded with towels to absorb water. The upper half of a frozen ice cup is torn away and ice is directly rubbed on the affected area.
 Definition
ICE MASSAGE
Term
16.   What is the mode of transfer of an ice massage?
 Definition
CONDUCTION
Term
17.   What is the penetration depth of a ice massage?
 Definition
½ INCH
Term
18.   What is the treatment time of an ice massage?
 Definition
UNTIL NUMBESS (<10MIN)
Term
19.   This icing procedure involves using a coolant spray and holding it 2-3 feet from a patients skin. Application is made by sweeping burst of 2 seconds each, interspaced with 3-second intervals. Next a passive stretch is performed on the muscle while the patient remains relaxed.
 Definition
VAPOCOOLANT SPRAYS
Term
20.   What is the mode of transfer of vapocoolant sprays?
 Definition
EVAPORATION
Term
21.   What is the penetration depth of a vapocoolant spray?
 Definition
¼ INCH
Term
22.   What is the treatment time of vapocoolant sprays?
 Definition
2-3MIN
Term
23.   _____ is a cooling method that consists of a combination of cold application and hold-relax technique of PNF. Muscles effected are alternately stretched and isometrically contracted. Results are to reduce low grade myospasm, and to increase ROM.
 Definition
CRYOSTRETCH TECHNIQUE
Term
24.   indications of ice use.
 Definition
1) BLEEDING AND SWELLING, 2) BURNS, 3) INFLAMMATORY EDEMA, 4) PAIN AND MUSCLE SPASM, 5) SPRAINS AND STRAINS
Term
1.       _____ increases blood flow and cellular metabolic rate and increases inflammatory response and edema. Although it has a temporary soothing effect following injury, it actually increases pain 30min following the application.
 Definition
HEAT
Term
2.       Heat that has a physiological effect absorbs into the tissue causing an increase in _____. It then spreads into adjacent tissue.
 Definition
MOLECULAR ACTIVITY
Term
3.       This type of heat transmission involves circulation of heated particles in a liquid or gas medium.
 Definition
CONVECTION
Term
4.       What is an example of convection heat?
 Definition
WHIRLPOOL
Term
5.       This type of heat transmission involves transmission of energy through the air, causing heating in the tissue but not in the intervening air.
 Definition
RADIATION
Term
6.       What is an example of radiation heat?
 Definition
INFRARED
Term
7.       This type of heat transmission involves the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy.
 Definition
CONVERSION
Term
8.       What is an example of conversion heat?
 Definition
DIATHERMY
Term
9.       _____ is a type of heat transmission that transfers heat through a substance.
 Definition
CONDUCTION
Term
10.   What is an example of conduction heat?
 Definition
MOIST HOT PACKS
Term
11.   Superficial heating agents penetrates about _____cm, while deep heating agents penetrate about _____cm.
 Definition
1CM; 3-5CM
Term
12.   Superficial heating agents _____ the skin temp, while deep heating agents have _____ effects.
 Definition
INCREASES; MINIMAL
Term
13.   Superficial heating agents have _____ effects on the deep muscles and joints temp, while deep heating agents _____ the deep muscles and joints temp.
 Definition
MINIMAL; INCREASE
Term
14.   Superficial heating agents use _____ methods of heat, while deep heating agents use _____ method of heat.
 Definition
ALL; CONVERSION
Term
15.   These heating methods are deep penetrators.
 Definition
DIATHERMY AND ULTRASOUND
Term
16.   physiological effects of heat.
 Definition
1) INCREASE CELL METABOLISM, 2) DECREASE MYOSPASM, 3) DECREASE SPASTICITY, 4) DECREASE PAIN, 5) VASODILATION, 6) INCREASED LYMPH CIRCULATION, 7) ENHANCE LOCAL NUTRITION, 8) DECREASE SKIN RESISTANCE, 9) INCREASE JOINT ROM, 10) INCREASE TISSUE EXTENSIBILITY, 11) RELAXATION OF PATIENT, 12) DECREASE DP, 13) ENHANCE IN THE ABSORPTION OF EXUDATES
Term
17.   13 contraindication of heat application.
 Definition
1) HEMORRHAGE, 2) DILATED VEINS, 3) ACUTE INJURIES, 4) MALIGNANCY, 5) ACUTE DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS, 6) AFTER COUNTERIRRITANT LOTIONS HAVE BEEN APPLIED, 7) ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY, 8) IMPAIRED SENSATION, 9) BONY PROMINENCES, 10) TB, 11) HIGH FEVERS, 12) PREGNANCY, 13) BLEEDING TENDENCY
Term
18.   _____ may occur if heat I applied in excess of 30min. it leads to an increase in tissue temperature in the area given to the point of tissue injury (get a stasis occurring in the area).
 Definition
REBOUND VASOCONSTRICTION
Term
19.   basic rules of heat application.
 Definition
1) TEST THE HEATED OBJECT ON YOURSELF FIRST, 2) DISCONTINUE THE TREATMENT IF THE PATIENT COMPLAINS OF EXCESSIVE WARMTH, 3) BE SURE THE PATIENTS SKIN IS DRY, 4) WHEN APPLYING HEAT TO BONY PROMINENCES, PAD THE AREA, 5) DO NOT APPLY FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME, 6) CHECK THE PATIENT EVERY 3-5MIN AFTER STARTING THE TREATMENT
Term
20.   different types of superficial heating modalities.
 Definition
1) MOIST HOT PACKS, 2) DRY HEATING PADS, 3) INFRARED, 4) PARAFFIN BATH, 5) HYDROTHERAPY/WHIRLPOOL, 6) FLUIDOTHERAPY
Term
22.   This heating therapy should be used for general relaxation, and reducing the pain/spasm cycle.
 Definition
MOIST HOT PACKS
Term
23.   What is the temp of superficial hot packs?
 Definition
170DEG
Term
24.   When applying superficial hot packs, a minimum of _____ layers of toweling are used between the packs and the skin, and the patient should never _____ on the pack because the trapped heat can cause burning.
 Definition
6; LIE
Term
25.   What is the treatment time of superficial hot packs?
 Definition
20-30MIN
Term
26.   _____ is a superficial heating therapy used on subacute and chronic conditions such as tendonitis, bursitis, OA, RA and muscle spasm.
 Definition
INFRARED
Term
27.   _____ infrared is between 150,000-15,000 millicrons.
 Definition
LONG
Term
28.   _____ inreared is between 15,000-7,200 millicrons.
 Definition
SHORT
Term
29.   What is the treatment time of infrared.
 Definition
20-30MIN
Term
30.   When using infrared, the light should be placed at _____ inches from the part being treated, and the light should be at a _____deg angle from the skin which should be covered by a towel.
 Definition
18-20IN; 90DEG
Term
31.   What is the best therapy for RA of the hands?
 Definition
PARAFFIN BATH
Term
32.   This superficial heating technique is an effective heating modality for distal extremities, especially for DJD and RA of hands and feet. It is also good for tendonitis and bursitis of extremities.
 Definition
PARAFFIN BATH
Term
33.   What is the temp of paraffin baths?
 Definition
126-130DEG
Term
34.   What is the treatment time for paraffin baths?
 Definition
25-30MIN
Term
35.   When applying paraffin, you should clean the area before applying, dip the extremity in the bath _____ times until coating is ¼ to ½ inch thick, and then wrap the area in plastic or a paper towel.
 Definition
41072
Term
36.   Paraffin is both a mix of _____ and _____.
 Definition
WAX (80-90%) AND MINERAL OIL (10-20%)
Term
37.   _____ is a superficial heating therapy that uses water which is an excellent medium in that it allows full or partial immersion of the treated area. It is great for increasing circulation, increasing ROM, promotion of healing and repair, relief of spasms, and relaxation.
 Definition
HYDROTHERAPY/WHIRLPOOL
Term
38.   What is the treatment time for a whirlpool?
 Definition
20-30MIN
Term
39.   What should the temp of the whirlpool be?
 Definition
96-115DEG
Term
40.   _____ is a dry heating therapy that uses cellulose particles circulated in air. General heating effects include micromassage, levitation, and stimulation of soft tissue.
 Definition
FLUIDOTHERAPY
Term
41.   What is the temp of fluidotherapy.
 Definition
100-125DEG
Term
What is the treatment time for fluidotherapy
 Definition
15-20MIN
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