Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PT NBCE Passive Care Test 2 Set 2
Lock Q8
107
Health Care
Professional
02/27/2013

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
111.                        These are the 2 deep heating techniques that can be used.
Definition
DIATHERMY AND ULTRASOUND
Term
112.                        _____is a deep heating technique that should be used on soft tissue.
Definition
DIATHERMY
Term
113.                        _____ is a deep heating technique that should be used on bone, ligament, and tendons.
Definition
ULTRASOUND
Term
114.                        In the 1920’s physicist Esau discovered that flies exhibited a peculiar behavior when they were brought into a high-frequency electrical field. This led to his development of a powerful generator to produce such a field which he called _____.
Definition
DIATHERMY
Term
115.                        What is the frequency range for short wave diathermy?
Definition
27MHZ
Term
116.                        What is the wavelength range for short wave diathermy?
Definition
11.6M
Term
117.                        What is the frequency range for microwave diathermy?
Definition
2, 456MHZ
Term
118.                        What is the wavelength range for microwave diathermy?
Definition
12.2CM
Term
119.                        _____ diathermy is dangerous because of burns. It heats from the inside out.
Definition
MICROWAVE DIATHERMY
Term
120.                        _____ consists of a high frequency current which exerts a healing effect on tissue b the method of conversion heating using electromagnetic oscillation.
Definition
DIATHERMY
Term
122.                        3 different types of short wave diathermy.
Definition
1) INDUCTION, 2) CONDENSOR, 3) PULSED
Term
123.                        This type of short wave diathermy used 2 coils, and the heat pulses between the coils.
Definition
INDUCTION
Term
124.                        This type of short wave diathermy uses 2 capacitor plates and heat passes between the 2 plates.
Definition
CONDENSOR
Term
125.                        This type of short wave diathermy is the deepest penetrator.
Definition
CONDENSOR
Term
126.                        9 physiological effects of diathermy.
Definition
1) VASODILATION AND INCREASED LYMPHATIC FLOW, 2) DECREASED MUSCLE SPASM, 3) DECREASED CHRONIC PAIN, 4) INCREASED PHAGOCYTOSIS AND LEUKOCYTOSIS, 5) INCREASED TISSUE EXTENSIBILITY, 6) INCREASED METABOLISM, 7) DETOXIFICATION, 8) ENDOCRINE STIMULATION, 9) INCREASED VISCERAL CIRCULATION
Term
127.                        Diathermy causes an increase in detoxification because it can almost double _____ to the liver.
Definition
PORTAL CIRCULATION
Term
128.                        14 contraindications for diathermy.
Definition
1) METAL IMPLANTS, 2) PREGNANCY, 3) CANCER, 4) PACEMAKER, 5) PHIEBITIS, 6) RECENT FRACTURES, 7) TB, 8) HEARING AIDS, 9) ON A METAL TABLE, 10) CONTACT LENSES, 11) OVER WET SKIN, 12) INFLAMATORY ARTHRITIS, 13) BLEEDING, 14) OPEN WOUNDS
Term
129.                        People with any sort of contraindications should not stand within _____ feet of the diathermy.
Definition
6-9FEET
Term
130.                        Diathermy works great for _____ types of disorders.
Definition
INTERNAL
Term
131.                        Diathermy is great for infections because it does these 3 things to the affected area.
Definition
1) INCREASES BLOOD FLOW, 2) INCREASES LYMPHATICS, 3) INCREASES WBC PRODUCTION
Term
133.                        _____ short waved diathermy causes a decreased heat because it is not constant.
Definition
PULSED
Term
134.                        What is the frequency of short waved diathermy?
Definition
EITHER CONSTANT OR PULSED
Term
135.                        Dose _____ of short wave diathermy causes no warmth.
Definition
1
Term
136.                        Dose _____ of short wave diathermy is barely warm.
Definition
2
Term
137.                        Dose _____ of short wave diathermy is comfortably warm.
Definition
3
Term
138.                        Dose _____ of short wave diathermy is intensely warm.
Definition
4
Term
139.                        What is the treatment time for short wave diathermy?
Definition
20MIN
Term
140.                        3 application techniques that should be followed when using short wave diathermy.
Definition
1) TARGET TISSUE WITH CONDUCTION HEADS, 2) CLOSER SPACING CAUSES INCREASED THERMAL EFFECTS, 3) TOWEL ON SKIN TO ABSORB PERSPIATION
Term
141.                        What is the best therapy used for hip DJD?
Definition
MICROWAVE DIATHERMY
Term
142.                        The biological effects of ultrasound were first noted by Langevin when he watched fish as they died after swimming into a beam of ultrasonic waves in _____.
Definition
1917
Term
143.                        The council on physical medicine and rehab of the AMA officially recommended it as an adjunctive therapy in _____.
Definition
1955
Term
144.                        Ultrasound equipment consists of essentially a high-frequency _____ and an _____.
Definition
GENERATOR; APPLICATOR (SOUND HEAD)
Term
145.                        Ultrasonic vibrations are produced when a crystal located in the sound head are subjected to high voltages of electrical energy, this the process of one transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy due to surface pressure is dues a _____ effect.
Definition
PIEZOELECTRIC
Term
146.                        2 therapies that can be used to stimulate disc healing.
Definition
1) ULTRASOUND, 2) LASER
Term
147.                        12 indications for the use of ultrasound.
Definition
1) TENDONITIS, 2) BURSITIS, 3) DJD, 4) DISC DEGENERATION, 5) SCAR TISSUE, 6) TRIGGER POINTS, 7) STIMULATE HEALING, 8) ANALGESIA, 9) MUSCLE SPASM, 10) MICROMASSAGE, 11) INCREASED LOCAL METABOLISM, 12) INCREASE COLLAGEN TISSUE EXTENSIBILITY
Term
148.                        14 contraindications to ultrasound use.
Definition
1) PACEMAKER, 2) CANCER, 3) PREGNANCY, 4) VARICOSITIES, 5) THROMBOPHLEBITIS, 6) SKIN RASH, 7) ACUTE INFLAMMATION, 8) OVER EYES, 9) OVER GONADS, 10) FACET JOINTS AFTER SURGERY, 11) PROSTHETIC DEVICES, 12) OVER BRAIN, 13) OPER EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATES, 14) OVER HEART
Term
149.                        If you _____ the ultrasound, it will not heat up.
Definition
PULSE
Term
150.                        4 purposes of using thermal ultrasound.
Definition
1) INCREASE BLOOD FLOW, 2) DECREASE SPASM, 3) DECREASE PAIN, 4) INCREASE COLLAGEN EXTENSIBILITY
Term
151.                        You should use _____ ultrasound for subacute and chronic inflammation.
Definition
NON-THERMAL
Term
153.                        This is the most popular ultrasound crystal that uses low voltage (about 100 volts).
Definition
BARIUM TITANATE
Term
154.                        _____is a very stable ultrasound crystal that uses high voltage (about 2000 volts).
Definition
QUARTZ SULFATE
Term
155.                        _____ is an ultrasound crystal that uses medium impedance requiring about 500 volts.
Definition
LITHIUM SULFATE
Term
156.                        _____ refers to the time that the ultrasound is on and pulsed off in a 1 minute time period. For example 20% means that the ultrasound is on for 0.2sec and off of 0.8sec.
Definition
DUTY CYCLE
Term
157.                        In increase in duty cycle % causes an increase in _____.
Definition
HEAT
Term
158.                        _____ is areas of high energy collection in ultrasound.
Definition
CONDENSATION
Term
159.                        _____ are areas of lower energy gaps between the waves of molecules in an ultrasound.
Definition
RAREFRACTION
Term
160.                        _____ states that as ultrasound waves enter the body, they cause unwanted reactions to the surrounding tissues.
Definition
CAVITATION
Term
161.                        The more _____ in the tissue, the more ultrasound will flow through.
Definition
FLUID
Term
162.                        The more _____ the tissue is, the more ultrasound is absorbed.
Definition
DENSE
Term
165.                        Ultrasound travels best in _____ material, while interfaces causes more scattering of waves.
Definition
HOMOGENOUS
Term
166.                        Since _____ is homogenous, it will transmit the waves and allow deeper penetration.
Definition
FAT
Term
167.                        _____ is the area where the ultrasound is on.
Definition
COMPRESSION
Term
168.                        Ultrasound is measured in these units.
Definition
WATTS/CM2
Term
169.                        Since the ultrasound beam is not uniform, some regions will be more intense. The _____ refers to the greatest intensity anywhere within the beam.
Definition
SPATIAL PEAK INTENSITY
Term
170.                        _____ is a measurement of the average intensity. It is a measurement of the total power output (watts) divided by the area (cm2).
Definition
SPATIAL AVERAGE
Term
171.                        The area of the sound head that produces ultrasonic waves is measured in _____.
Definition
SQUARED CENTIMETERS
Term
172.                        _____ is always smaller than the transducer surface area, so manufactures will typically list it and not the surface area when referring to the size of the transducer head.
Definition
EFFECT RADIATING AREA (ERA)
Term
173.                        The closer the _____ and the _____ the better. It will allow a more consistent contact and therapeutic dose.
Definition
ERA AND THE TRANSDUCER SURFACE AREA
Term
174.                        _____ describes the consistency of the ultrasound output ratio. It is the determining factor in purchasing a unit because it tells the quality of the crystal.
Definition
BEAM NON-UNIFORMITY RATIO (BNR)
Term
175.                        The _____ the BNR, the more uniform the beam.
Definition
LOWER
Term
177.                        A _____ BNR ratio is acceptable, but a _____ or _____ BNR ratio is best.
Definition
6:1; 3:1 or 2:1
Term
178.                        A _____ BNR ratio is considered unsafe.
Definition
0.33
Term
179.                        Depth of ultrasound penetration depends on the _____ and _____ of the ultrasound beam as it travels through the tissue.
Definition
ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING
Term
180.                        The frequency of _____ determines the depth of penetration.
Definition
OSCILLATION
Term
181.                        The lower the ultrasound frequency, the _____ the penetration.
Definition
DEEPER
Term
182.                        _____ is the uptake of heat converted from acoustic energy by propagation of ultrasound through the tissue.
Definition
ABSORPTION
Term
183.                        Absorption of ultrasound is direction proportional to the _____ content of the tissue sonated.
Definition
PROTEIN
Term
184.                        Bone, cartilage, tendon and skin are _____% protein content.
Definition
20-25%
Term
185.                        Blood vessels are _____% protein content.
Definition
15-20%
Term
186.                        Muscle, fat and blood are _____% protein content.
Definition
10-15%
Term
187.                        Tissues which are selectively heated by ultrasound are the _____ for ultrasound use.
Definition
TARGET TISSUES
Term
188.                        7 examples of target tissues for ultrasound use.
Definition
1) SUPERFICIAL BONE, 2) JOINT CAPSULES, 3) TENDONS, 4) SCAR TISSUE, 5) PERIPHERAL NERVES, 6) MYOFASCIAL INTERFACE, 7) CELL MEMBRANES
Term
190.                        High frequency (3MHz) is _____ more readily than the lower frequencies (1MHz).
Definition
ABSORBED
Term
191.                        _____ is the diffuse reflection or refraction of the ultrasound from irregular surfaces or in homogeneities within the tissues.
Definition
SCATTERING
Term
192.                        _____ is the reversal of the direction of propagation of the ultrasound wave.
Definition
REFLECTION
Term
193.                        _____ is the reflection of energy from a straight path when passing obliquely from one medium to another.
Definition
REFRACTION
Term
194.                        _____ occurs when there is a mismatch of acoustic impedance between two tissue levels. The greater the acoustical impedance difference, the greater the heat generated.
Definition
REFLECTION
Term
195.                        Acoustic impendence of muscle, fat and water is low with about _____% of the energy reflected.
Definition
1.00000%
Term
196.                        Impendence of bone is high with about _____% of the energy reflected from the bone into the adjacent tissues. Results are significantly higher intensity in the tissues close to the bone, and poor blood supply in these tissues offers little head dissipation by circulation which can lead to pain.
Definition
25.00000%
Term
197.                        Non thermal ultrasound causes _____ increase in temp.
Definition
NONE
Term
198.                        3 therapeutic uses of non-thermal ultrasound.
Definition
1) ACUTE INJURIES, 2) EDEMA, 3) HEALING
Term
199.                        Mild thermal ultrasound causes _____ increase in temp.
Definition
1DEG C
Term
200.                        Mild thermal ultrasound serves these 2 therapeutic uses.
Definition
1) SUB-ACUTE INJURY, 2) HEMATOMAS
Term
201.                        Moderate thermal ultrasound causes _____ increase in temp.
Definition
2DEG C
Term
202.                        Moderate thermal ultrasound is great for _____.
Definition
TRIGGER POINTS
Term
203.                        Vigorous ultrasound causes _____ increase in temp.
Definition
3DEG C
Term
204.                        Vigorous ultrasound is used to _____.
Definition
STRETCH COLLAGEN
Term
205.                        For _____ ultrasound, a duty factor of 100% is needed to elevate tissue temperature to physiologically significant temperature (104-112deg F). This results in a reduction of pain and muscle spasm, as well as an increase in tissue extensibility and increase blood flow.
Definition
CONTINUOUS
Term
206.                        For _____ ultrasound, the sound wave will decrease the depth of ultrasound delivery. Current machines have % pulsed, this you can modify the depth of delivery.
Definition
PULSING
Term
207.                        This type of diathermy is used when the clinician needs to provide deep heat to a larger area than normally covered by ultrasound.
Definition
SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY
Term
210.                        Diathermy uses energy similar to _____ waves with shorter wavelengths.
Definition
BROADCAST RADIO WAVES
Term
211.                        Diathermy energy is alternating current lacking properties to _____ motor sensory nerves.
Definition
DEPOLARIZE
Term
212.                        Tissues with a high water content (fat, blood and muscle) are selectively heated at a depth of _____cm by diathermy.
Definition
2-5CM
Term
213.                        Local tissue temp may reach _____ deg F when using diathermy, but fat layer dissipates head secondarily heating muscles.
Definition
107DEG F
Term
214.                        Deep heating effects of diathermy last _____ than that of ultrasound due to a larger area heater.
Definition
LONGER
Term
215.                        Pulsed diathermy is mainly used for _____ and _____ conditions.
Definition
ACUTE AND SUBACUTE
Term
216.                        Continuous diathermy is mainly used for _____ injuries.
Definition
CHRONIC
Term
217.                        6 diathermic effects on injury response.
Definition
1) SKIN TEMP RAISES 4.3DEG F, 2) INTRA-ARTICULAR TEMP RAISES 2.5DEG F, 3) FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY, COLLAGEN DEPOSITION AND NEW CAPILLARY GROWTH IS STIMULATED, 4) MUSCLE SPASM IS REDUCED, 5) LOCAL INCREASE IN CELLULAR METABOLIC RATE
Term
219.                        6 diathermy precautions.
Definition
1) NEVER ALLOW CABLES TO TOUCH, 2) DO NOT ALLOW FOR PERSPIRATION, 3) NEVER ALLOW DIRECT CONTACT WITH SKIN, 4) EXCESSIVE FAT IN AREA MAY OVERHEAT AREA, 5) DIFFICULT TO TARGET LOCALIZED TISSUES, 6) OVERHEATING TISSUES MAY CAUSE DAMAGE
Term
220.                        When using ultrasound you must use a _____. This is because ultrasound energy will not pass through the air or skin without the presence of a medium.
Definition
COUPLING MEDIUM
Term
221.                        The ideal coupling medium for ultrasound should have these 8 qualities.
Definition
1) HIGH TRANSMISSION AND LOW ABSORPTION OF US ENERGY, 2) EXCLUDE AIR, MINIMAL AIR ENTRAPMENT, 3) GOOD IMPEDANCE, 4) LOW DRAG COEFFICIENT, 5) GOOD VISCOSITIY, 6) LOW SALT CONTENT, 7) ECONOMICAL COST, 8) EASY TO USE
Term
222.                        You should use a _____ based gel to conduct ultrasound sound waves.
Definition
WATER BASED
Term
223.                        _____ is putting chemicals on the skin, and allowing ultrasound waves to drive chemicals through the skin.
Definition
PHONOPHORESIS
Term
224.                        _____ is an ultrasound technique when body part is submersed in a bath full of water. The transducer should be applied in a moving technique as close as possible, but still remaining perpendicular to the treatment area.
Definition
WATER IMMERSION BATH
Term
225.                        _____, _____and _____ are great phonophoresis agents used for disc repair.
Definition
MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, AND GLUCOSAMINE
Term
226.                        Ultrasound is great for these 2 conditions.
Definition
1) ARTHRITIS, 2) REPAIR OF LIGAMENTS AND DISC
Term
227.                        When you see traction spurs on an x-ray you must think the patient has a chronic _____ problem.
Definition
DISC
Supporting users have an ad free experience!