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| Disorder in which the signals from the various sensory organs are processed in the wrong cortical areas, resulting in the sens information being interpreted as more than one sensation. |
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| The process that occurs when special receptors in the sense organs are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain. |
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| The process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural activity. |
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| Occurs when special receptors in the sense organs are activated, allowing various form of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain. |
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| Specialized forms of neurons, which are the cells that make up the nervous system. |
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| Ernst Weber (1795-1878). JND or Just Noticeable Differences (difference threshold) |
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| Gustav Fechner is known for... |
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| Absolute threshold which is the absolute lowest level of stimulation that a person can consciously detect. (Fechner 1801-1887). |
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| Absolute Threshold: Sight |
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Definition
| A candle flame at 30 miles on a clear, dark night. |
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| Absolute Threshold: Hearing |
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Definition
| The tick of a watch 20 feet away in a quiet room. |
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| Absolute Threshold: Smell |
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Definition
| One drop of perfume diffused throughout a three room apartment |
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| Absolute Threshold: Taste |
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Definition
| 1 teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons of water. |
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| Absolute Threshold: Touch |
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Definition
| A bee's wing falling on the cheek from 1 centimeter above. |
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| Stimuli that are below the level of conscious awareness that influences behavior. |
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| Stimuli that are below the level of conscious awareness. |
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| Deals with hearing. Tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information. |
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Definition
| Deals with taste, touch, smell and vision receptors. Tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus. that is unchanging. |
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| Brightness is determined by |
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Definition
| The amplitude of the wave or how high or how low the wave is. The higher the wave, the brighter the light appears to be. |
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| Color or hue is determined by the length of the wave. Red is at the end of the visible color spectrum. |
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| Saturation refers to the purity of the color that is perceived. |
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| A clear membrane that covers the surface of the eye. The cornea not only protects the eye but also is the structure that focuses most of the light coming into the eye. |
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| Aqueous humor is a clear watery fluid that continually replenishes and supplies nourishment to the eye. |
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| The muscles of the iris controls the size of the pupil. |
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| A hole that changes size (depending on the amount of light in the environment) that is allowed in by the iris. |
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| The lens is a clear structure that changes shape to bring objects into focus. |
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| The lens finishes the focusing process begun by the cornea and will change its shape from thick to thin which allows the eye to focus on objects that are close or far away. |
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| A light sensitive area that contains photo receptor cells. |
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| A blank space caused when all the axons of the ganglion cells leave the retina to become the optic nerve. |
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| Central area of the retina. Greatest density of photoreceptors. |
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| Sends visual information to the brain. |
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| (Optic Disc) Where the optic nerves leaves the eye. There are no photoreceptor cells here. |
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| The wavelengths that people can see are only a small part of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. |
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| Visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low levels of light. |
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| Visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision. |
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Definition
| The recovery of the eye's sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights. |
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Definition
| The recovery of the eye's sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness. |
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| Theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, green and blue (RGB) |
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| Images that occur when a visual sensation presists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed. |
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| Theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red and green, blue and yellow. |
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| Monochrome Color Blindness |
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Definition
| No cones or cones that are not working at all. |
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Definition
| The number 8 is visible to those with normal color vision. The number 96 will be visible to those with red-green color blindness. |
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| Cycles or waves per second. A measurement of frequency. Human limits are between 20 and 20,000 Hz. 1,000 Hz is the must accurate. |
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Definition
| The visible part of the ear. Part of the outer ear. |
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Definition
| Short tunnel that runs from the pinna to the eardrum. Part of the outer ear. |
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| Hammer, Anvil and Stirrup. |
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Definition
| Three tiny bones in the middle ear. The vibration of these three bones amplifies the vibrations from the eardrum. The stirrup causes a membrane cover the opening of the inner ear to vibrate. |
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| This membrane is called the oval window. Its vibrations set off another chain reaction within the inner ear. |
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| A name for the inner ear. It is a snail shaped structure that is filled with fluid. |
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| Bundle of axons from the hair cells in the inner ear. |
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| Psychological experience of sound that corresponds to the frequency of sound waves, higher frequencies are perceived as higher pitches. |
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| Theory of pitch that states that different pitches are experiences by the stimulation of hair cells in different locations on the organ of Corti. |
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| Theory of pitches that states that different pitches are experienced by the cells in different locations of the Corti. |
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| Theory of Pitch that states that pitch is related to the speed of vibrations in the baslar membrane. |
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Definition
| Theory of pitch that states that frequencies above 100 Hz cause the hair cells (auditory neurons) to fire in a volley patter, or take turns in firing. |
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Term
| Conduction Hearing Impairment |
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Definition
| Sound vibrations cannot be passed from the eardrum to the cochlea. |
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Definition
| Caused by normal aging causes loss of hair cells in the cochlea and exposure to loud noises that damage hair nerves. |
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Definition
| Extreme ringing in one's ears. Caused by infections or loud noises. |
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| There is a common believe among advertisers that presenting objects below the threshold of awareness mihg uncosciously produce positive feelings toward teh product they advertise on TV, thereby increasing sales. If so the phenomenon would likely to be due to what psychologists term _____ perception. |
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| The brain receives information abou the outside world via the process of _____. |
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| Sensory adaptation prevents _____ attention to stimuli that do not change. |
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| The brain is interested only in _____ in information coming from the environment. |
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| The fact that Janella fails to notice the sounds of birds chirping until the sounds top can be explained by the phenomenon know as _____. |
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Definition
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| Einstein demonstrated that light has the properties of both _____ and _____ . |
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| The surface of teh eye is covered with a clear membrane called the _____. |
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Definition
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| The blind spot in the eye is due to: |
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Definition
| A hole in the retina where ganglion cells become the optic nerve. |
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| What aspect of a sound wave determines how loud the ear hears the sound? |
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Definition
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| What aspect of a sound wave determines how loud the ear hears the sound? |
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Definition
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| What aspect of a sound wave determines the timbre of the sound the ear hears? |
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Definition
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| The most accurate hearing for humans occurs at around _____ Hz. |
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| What may be responsible for conduction hearing impairment? |
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Definition
| Damage to the bones of the middle ear. Damage to the eardrum. |
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Term
| By the time most people enter late adulthood, they have lost nearly _____ percent of the hair cells in their ears. |
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Definition
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| The olfactory bulbs are located right below the _____ of the brain. |
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Definition
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| What are the 5 primary tastes? |
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Definition
| Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, unami. |
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| When you smell an odor, what aspect of the thing you are smelling actually enters your nose to create the sensation of smell? |
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Definition
| Particles of the thing itself. |
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| _____ is a rare genetic disease that makes a person unable to feel pain. |
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Definition
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| _____ are the body's natural painkillers. |
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Definition
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| The two different kinds of vestibular organs are the _____ organs and the _____ canals. |
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Definition
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| Size _____ refers to the tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size, regardless of its distance from the viewer. |
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| Even though the images cast on the ______ of the eye regarding the size, shape and brightness of an object may vary as distance, angle and lgihting conditions change, we contine to perceive teh object as being the same. |
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