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the "father" of structuralizm.
student of Wundt who was dogmatic about the use of structuralist techniques such as "introspection" |
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| the analyzing of the components of thought while one is thinking. (thinking about how you think, while you think) |
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| focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states. |
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| aims to understand thought emotion and behavior as adaption to the environment |
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| wanted to get away from freud and introspection. focused only on those things which are overtly observable. |
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| Thorndike, JB Watson, BF Skinner |
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| deals with perception and problem solving. tried to understand how we arrive to answers. |
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| deals with visual problems and that "aha!"/ eureka! moment |
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| Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic |
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| Freud-took naturally occurring phenomena and explained it with subconcious being the cause. |
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| tried to turn the focus of psychology away from describing everyone as a patient who needs to be healed but focused on peoples free will. we can choose to be well or not. |
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| using existing records to describe behavior. |
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| you cannot use peoples records without their knowledge or consent. example "HeLa" case |
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| Ethical issues with Archival research? |
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| Naturalistic Observations |
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| Observing a person or animal in hisherits environment. |
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it is only descriptive
it cannot be used to draw conclusions about causes of behavior |
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| drawbacks of Naturalistic Observation (2) |
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| questionnaires (like paperandpencil and internet surveys) and interviews (such as on the phone) |
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| provide an avenue for contact between the researcher and the research subject.the survey is the avenue. permit the researcher to question the research subject. |
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| they are descriptive and cannot provide a way of drawing conclusions about cause-n-effect |
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| drawback to survey research |
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| using naturally occurring categories (like male & female) to look for differences in behavior, thought, or emotion. it can be argued that the category “causes” the difference, but then true experiments must be done to support that argument |
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| the only real way (in science) to identify "case & Effect" and to explain behavior. |
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| researchers manipulate Variables in order to discover how this might influence behavior. |
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| this type of research is explanatory and not merely descriptive |
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