Term
| Functions of the brain (1) |
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Definition
Monitor changes in the external world
Monitor composition of bodily fluids
Regulates contractions of skeletal muscles
Initiate and regulate the basic drives
Conscious sedation |
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Term
| Functions of the brain (2) |
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Definition
Memory
Mood
Thought
Regulate sleep cycle
Language
Process visual and auditory data |
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Term
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Definition
Understanding normal and abnormal mental processes in terms of brain function
Disturbances in client's behavior is due to alterations in cerebral function
Treat disorders with meds and psychotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
GABA
Acetylcholine
Histamine
Peptides |
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Term
| Dopamine (increase/decrease) |
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Definition
Increase: Schizophrenia, mania
Decrease: Parkinson's disease, depression |
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Term
| Norepinephrine (increase/decrease) |
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Definition
Increase: mania, anxiety states, schizophrenia
Decrease: Depression |
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Term
| Serotonin (increase/decrease) |
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Definition
Increase: Anxiety states
Decrease: Depression |
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Term
| GABA (increase, decrease) |
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Definition
Increase: Reduction of anxiety
Decrease: Anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, Huntington's chorea, mania |
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Term
| Acetylcholine (increase/decrease) |
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Definition
Increase: Depression
Decrease: Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's diseases |
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Term
| Antipsychotics: Extrapyramidal SE |
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Definition
Parkinsonian symptoms
Akinesia
Akathisia
Tardive Dyskinesia |
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Term
| Antipsychotics: Effects of increased prolactin |
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Definition
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Term
| Antipsychotics: Effects of Muscarinic Blockage |
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Definition
Blurred vision
Dry Mouth
Constipation
Urinary Difficulty |
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Term
| Antipsychotics: Effects of Alpha1 Antagonism |
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Definition
Orthostatic hypotension
Failure to ejaculate |
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Term
| First Generation Antipsychotics |
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Definition
These drugs block dopamine and some muscarinic and alpha receptors
*Treats few symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
Block receptors in limbic system, rather than basal ganglia
*Treats more symptoms with fewer SE |
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Term
| Trycyclic Antidepressants |
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Definition
Primarily blocks NE
*SE cause more problems
**Easy to overdose |
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Term
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Definition
Only block serotonin receptors
*Less side effects
**May increase suicidal ideations |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibit MAO from destroying monoamines
*Increased food-drug and drug-drug interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Not much is understood about how these work |
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Term
|
Definition
Lithium
*Antiepileptic Drugs
Tegretol
Depakote
Lamictal
Neurontin
Topamax
Trileptal |
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Term
|
Definition
Benzodiazepines
Short-acting sedative hypnotics
Melatonin receptor agonists
Buspirone(BuSpar) |
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Term
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Definition
Allows GABA to inhibit neurons more effectively
*Dangerous when combined with other CNS depressants
**Very addictive |
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Term
| Short-acting sedative hypnotics |
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Definition
| Sedative without anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, or muscle relaxant |
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Term
| Melatonin receptor agonists |
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Definition
| Treats insomnia without dependency issues |
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Term
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Definition
Reduces anxiety without causing drowsiness
*Decreased risk for dependency |
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Term
|
Definition
Early signs may go away in 2 weeks
S/S: Ataxia, confusion, convulsions, n/v, diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia, edema, goiter, and hypothyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Anticholinesterase:
Cognex, Aricept, Reminyl, Excelon
Noncompetitive NMDA receptor agonist:
Namenda, Ebixa |
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Term
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome S/S |
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Definition
S/S: Severe muscle rigidity, ocylogyric crisis, dysphasia, hyperpyrexia (HTN, tachycardia, incontinence)
*This is a medical emergency
Progresses from delirium to stupor to coma. |
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Term
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Definition
Nonvoluntary movements: akathisia, acute dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism
*Tardive dyskinesis is result if undetected |
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Term
| Anticholinergic Side Effects |
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Definition
| Dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, and esophageal reflux |
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Term
|
Definition
S/S: erythema, confusion, and dehydration
**Be careful combining neuroleptic drugs with antihistamines and such |
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Term
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Definition
Sedatives that have anticonvulsant effects
*Serax, Ativan |
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamin B1 prevents Wernicke's encephalopathy |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases Vitamin B effectiveness |
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