Term
| What is the consequence of how substance abuse often goes untx? |
|
Definition
| consequently a behavioral, emotional, physical, family, and spiritual problem is unaddressed. |
|
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Term
| What must we exclude before dx other psychiatric problems? |
|
Definition
| substance abuse. many co-existing problems are actually the result of substance abuse. |
|
|
Term
| How does substance abuse often begin? |
|
Definition
| self-med for distress, making the distress less evident for tx. This can preclude effective psychotherapy. |
|
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Term
| What % of the population has a substance abuse problem? How many are affected by that problem? |
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Definition
| ~10% has substance abuse problem (1 in 10) and 4-6 others are affected by that problem |
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Term
| Hom many persons age 12 or older were classified w/dependence on or abuse of either etoh- or illicit drugs in 2001? Of these, how many were classified w/dependence or abuse of bo. etoh- and illicit drugs? How many were dependent or abused illicit drugs but not alcohol? how many were dependent on or abused alcohol but not illicit drugs? |
|
Definition
| 16.6 mil (7.3% of population). 2.4 mil. 3.2 million. 11 million. |
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Term
| What are 6 reasons why other professionals do not focus on addiction issues? |
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Definition
| 1) PREJUDICE against addict. 2)RESISTANT lack of knowledge as to how to confront the denial and manage the client's anger or other rxn. 3)ANXIETY about the ability to handle the substance abuse issues or find proper tx. 4.)ATTITUDE that txs don't work. 5)OPINION that addiction is caused by another psychiatric problem anyway, and it is sufficient to tx that problem. 7.) CONCERN about losing the client. |
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Term
| What is the difference btwn tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction? |
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Definition
| tolerance and physical dependence are biological occurrences in everyone, while addiction is a behavioral syndrome as much as a physical phenomenon. |
|
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Term
| What results in increased tolerance and withdrawal when substances becoming unavailable? |
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Definition
| physiological dependence on a chemical |
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Term
| What is a compulsive behavior that continues in spite of negative consequences, incl adverse social, psychological and/or physical consequences? |
|
Definition
| addiction (i think that's what the notes are saying) |
|
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Term
| What is an illness characterized by significant impairment that is directly associate w/persistent and excessive use? |
|
Definition
| addiction/substance abuse (i think this is what the notes are saying) |
|
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Term
| How does the disease model view addiction/substance abuse? |
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Definition
| it is a primary, chronic, progressive, prevaive disease, characterized b increasing denial, and tx by abstinence and re-education |
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Term
| Who published "The Disease of Alcoholism," describing 'styles' of problematic drinking, defining one of them, Gamma Alcoholism, as a disease! When was it written? |
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Definition
| about 1960; Dr. E.M. Jellinick |
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Term
| What is defined as a primary, chronic, progressive, pervasive disease, characterized by increasing denial, and treatable by abstinence and re-education? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What type of disease, physiologically, is addiction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 3 guidelines from the dz model? |
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Definition
| 1) it provides HOPE the pt and clinician. 2) it lowers SELF-BLAME and SHAME in the client. 3) it provides CLEAR STEPS for immediate action. |
|
|
Term
| Is addiction an acute or lifetime, chronic dz? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When can the addicted person safely use a mood altering substance? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a large cause of addiction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If the addicted person continued to use, what course will the illness cause? What will this result in and how will it progress? |
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Definition
| predictable course resulting in increasing physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual degeneration- the progression is irreversible and will continue even in periods of non-use. |
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Term
| At what amt of substance can addicts no longer control their use? |
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Definition
| at ANY amt. Only total abstinence works. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only way addicts can achieve abstinence? |
|
Definition
| through the help of AA and/or tx |
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|
Term
| Which stage of substance abuse is characterized by social use? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of substance abuse is characterized by increased frequency, quantity, and problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of substance abuse is characterized by increased frequency, quantity, problems, physical symptoms, tolerance, and withdrawal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of addiction involves experimental use with curiosity or risk taking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of addiction involves social use and enjoyment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of addiction involves instrumental use and is used to manipulate one's behavior and emotions/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of addiction involves habitual use with self-medication to avoid withdrawal symptoms, preoccupation w/mood swings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stage of addiction involves compulsive use where motives no longer apply- user has no choice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which aspects of addiction fit in the biological issues section of the bio-psycho-social model? |
|
Definition
| genetics and addictive properties of etoh- and other drugs |
|
|
Term
| Which aspects of addiction fit in the social section of the bio-psycho-social model? |
|
Definition
| learned behavior and social reinforcement |
|
|
Term
| Which aspects of addiction fit in the psychological section of the bio-psycho-social model? |
|
Definition
| what does it do for the person pspychologically? mind altering, mood altering chemicals. personality change/behavior change. |
|
|
Term
| According to the dsm-iv-tr criteria of substance abuse, what is a mental health disorder? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the dsm-iv-tr criteria of substance abuse, what is a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically signiicant impairment or distress, as manifested by ONE or more of the criteria, occuring w/in a 12 mo period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the dsm-iv-tr criteria of substance abuse, what is a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically sig impairment or distress, asmanifested by THREE or more of the criteria, occuring during a 12-mo period? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| For every category of disorders, what does the DSM require? |
|
Definition
| that we rule out general medical condition and substance abuse |
|
|
Term
| What percent of the population abuses Etoh- or other drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What persons are particularly vulnerable for substance abuse? |
|
Definition
| persons w/co-occuring mental health disorders and certain risk factors, incl poverty or a family hx of etoh- drug use disorders |
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|
Term
| Of the 19.8 million adults w/etoh- or other drugs disorder, what percent are unemployed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of illicit drug users are employed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gender is more likely to have etoh- or other drug problem? |
|
Definition
| men are 2x as likley as women EXCEPT among youths 12 to 17 when the use if relatively the same for both genders |
|
|
Term
| How much do rates vary among american indians/alaskan natives, people of mixed race, blacks, whites, hispanics, and asians? |
|
Definition
| american indians/alaska natives 10.1%. mixed 11.4%. blacks 9.7%. whites 8.5%. hispanics 7.2%. asians had the lowest rate at 3.5% |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of pts in primary care setting have addiction disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of hospitalized pts have addiction disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 of the most common reasons that people consult a physician? What are some of the most abused substances? |
|
Definition
| pain and somatic manifestations of anxiety. pain meds. |
|
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Term
| What is a reflection of the body's need for more of the drug to get the same effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs when the body adapts to the presence of one chemical and becomes tolerant to the effects of other similar chemicals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What involves the way drugs multiple the effects of other drugs? |
|
Definition
| synergistic effect: 1+1=3 |
|
|
Term
| What is the time it takes 1/2 of the drug to leave the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All drugs modify what in the brain? |
|
Definition
| nml function of the neurons in the brain |
|
|
Term
| Which method of administration is the slowest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DSM-IV-TR lists how many categoris of drugs plus polysubstance dependence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What requires the use of 3 or more drugs w/the use of no one being prevalent, w/in a 12 mo period, NOT incl nicotine and caffeine? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What stimulant used early in life causes anxiety and restlessness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is both a stimulant and sedative to the ns that is a major cause of stroke and 3rd leading cause of death in us? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of adults and teenagers smoke? What is the age of use |
|
Definition
| more than 1 in 4 adults and 13% teens. early age of use-8 |
|
|
Term
| What drug involves a brief but intense high followed by SEVERE depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference btwn crack and freebase? |
|
Definition
| forms of cocaine neutralized by an Acid and can be smoked. crack is prepared by the dealer; freebase is prepared by the client. |
|
|
Term
| How is crack/freebase administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crack and heroin, smoked like crack |
|
|
Term
| Describe the high for crack/freebase. |
|
Definition
| greater euphoria and greater depression |
|
|
Term
| What is an amphetamine derivative? What is chemically related to amphetamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is meth administered? |
|
Definition
| powerful stimulant taken po or iv or smoking |
|
|
Term
| What are adverse rxns of meth? |
|
Definition
| causes strokes, convulsions, anxiety and irregular heartbeats- lethal and unpredictable |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 akas for meth? |
|
Definition
| crank, crystal, ice, speed |
|
|
Term
| How many household products can be inhaled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 akas for inhalents? |
|
Definition
| gas, poppers, snappers, and whippets |
|
|
Term
| What ages of onset are involved w/inhalents? |
|
Definition
| one of earlier ages of onset due to accessibility |
|
|
Term
| How are inhalants administered? |
|
Definition
| mouth and nose for intoxicating effect |
|
|
Term
| What are substances that distort a person's perception of reality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were hallucinogens in the 70's and 80's and 90's? |
|
Definition
| 70's lsd; 80's pcp; shrooms; 90's ecstasy |
|
|
Term
| What emotions are caused by ecstasy? |
|
Definition
| hallucinations and feelings of exhilaration; psychological problems (depression, anxiety, paranoia). also causes brain damage |
|
|
Term
| How do pts need to quit depressants? |
|
Definition
| cannot go cold turkey on these. need to be tapered. need medical detox |
|
|
Term
| What is the most prevalently used depressant? What is the most damage caused by this? |
|
Definition
| etoh-. accidents, abuse, medical problems. |
|
|
Term
| What are some barbituates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some benzodiazepines? |
|
Definition
| tranquilizers- xanax, valium, librium |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for the grates no of drug-related deaths among young people and 90% of opiate abuse in us? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does heroin look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a maintenance drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is heroin administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hiv and needles are a concern w/what drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methadone. effects last up to 24 hrs, allowing dosage qd. |
|
|
Term
| What age dose marijuana use begin? |
|
Definition
| early use- before puberty and adolescent development |
|
|
Term
| What are the comparable strengths betwn jts in the 70's and today? |
|
Definition
| 17 jts from 70's = 1 today |
|
|
Term
| What is the most commonly used illicit drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is mentioned in 18% of ER visits in 2002? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe effects of marijuana among different persons? |
|
Definition
| no category- different effects for different persons |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 major consequences of marijuana? |
|
Definition
| memory, learning, and time and space orientation |
|
|
Term
| What is the t1/2 of marijuana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 tpes of prescription drugs most commonly misused? |
|
Definition
| opioids (narcotics), cns depresants (barbituates and tranquilizers), cns stimulants (ritalin, adderal) |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 cns depressants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 opioids (narcotics)? |
|
Definition
| oxycontin, darvocet, percocet |
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