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Chapter 2
Drug Taking Behavior: The Personal and Social Concerns
37
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
02/13/2013

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Term
Toxicity
Definition
The physical or psychological harm that a drug might present to the user.
Term
Dose
Definition
The quantity of drug that is taken into the body, typically measured in terms of milligrams (mg) or micrograms (µg).
Term
Acute Toxicity
Definition
The physical or psychological harm a drug might present to the user immediately or soon after the drug is ingested into the body.
Term
Dose-Response Curve
Definition
A S-shaped graph showing the increasing probability of a certain drug effect as the dose level rises.
Term
Effective Dose (ED)
Definition
The minimal dose of particular drug necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a given percentage of the population.
Term
Lethal Dose (LD)
Definition
The minimal dose of a particular drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of the population.
Term
Therapeutic Index (TI)
Definition
A measure of a drug’s relative safety for use, computed as the ration of the lethal dose for 50 percent of the population to the effective dose for 50 percent of the population. LD50/ED50.
Term
Margin of Safety (MOS)
Definition
The ratio of a lethal dose for 1 percent of the population to the effective dose for 99 percent of the population. LD1/ED99.
Term
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
Definition
A federal program in which metropolitan hospitals report the incidence of drug-related lethal and nonlethal emergencies.
Term
Drug-Related ED visit
Definition
An occasion on which a person visits an emergency department (ED) for a purpose that is related to recent drug use.
Term
Chronic Toxicity
Definition
The physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of use.
Term
Tolerance
Definition
The capacity of a drug to produce a gradually diminished physical or psychological effect upon repeated administrations of the drug at the same dose levels.
Term
Behavioral Tolerance
Definition
The process of drug tolerance that is linked to drug-taking behavior occurring consistently in the same surroundings or under the same circumstances. Also known as conditioned tolerance.
Term
Physical Dependence
Definition
A model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser continues the drug-taking behavior to avoid the consequences of physical withdrawal symptoms.
Term
Psychological Dependence
Definition
A model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the pleasurable effects of the drug.
Term
Catheter
Definition
A device to deliver intravenous injections of a drug in a free-moving human or animal.
Term
Substance Dependence
Definition
A diagnostic term used in clinical psychology and psychiatry that identifies an individual displaying significant signs of a dependent relationship with a psychoactive drug.
Term
Substance Abuse
Definition
A diagnostic term used in clinical psychology and psychiatry that identifies an individual who continues to take a psychoactive drug despite the fact that the drug-taking behavior creates specific problems for that individual.
Term
Pharmacological Violence
Definition
Violent acts committed while under the influence of a particular psychoactive drug, with the implication that the drug cause the violence to occur.
Term
Economically Compulsive Violence
Definition
Violent acts that are committed by a drug abuser to secure money to buy drugs.
Term
Systemic Violence
Definition
Violence that arises from the traditionally aggressive patterns of behavior within a network of illicit drug trafficking and distribution.
Term
Laissez-faire (Fr.)
Definition
The philosophy of exerting as little governmental control and regulation as possible.
Term
100
Definition
Every drug that’s made today has to have a T.I. of at least 100.
Term
Drinking Alcohol or Smoking Tobacco
Definition
The number of people who die each year as a result of … far outstrips the number of fatalities from the abuse of illicit drugs.
Term
Lethal Dose Levels
Definition
Tolerance effects can be quite dangerous, because experienced drug users often end up taking potentially ...
Term
Pavlovian Conditioning
Definition
Behavioral Tolerance effects are based on the principles of ...
Term
Substance Dependence and Substance Abuse
Definition
The American Psychiatric Association currently recognizes two major conditions associated with drug-taking behavior: ...
Term
Pregnant women
Definition
Increasing attention has been directed toward the harmful effects that drug abuse has on … in terms of problems with both the pregnancy itself and with the neural development of the fetus.
Term
Risk of HIV infection (and the spread of AIDS)
Definition
There is concern about the increased … among intravenous drug users when needles are shared.
Term
Alcohol
Definition
The drug with the closest connection to social violence.
Term
Harrison Act of 1914
Definition
First of several legislative efforts to impose criminal penalties for the use of opiates and cocaine and of later marijuana, hallucinogens, and several other types of drugs.
Term
Comprehensive Drug Act of 1970
Definition
Organized the federal control of drugs under five classifications called Schedules.
Term
Schedule I
Definition
Potential for Abuse: High
Medical Use: None (Research use only)

Separate records must be maintained.
Stored in Secure Vaults

Ex: Heroin, LSD, Mescaline, Marijuana
Term
Schedule II
Definition
Potential for Abuse: High
Medicinal use: Some (Accepted Medical use, though may lead to sever physical and psychological dependence)

Rx must be written in ink, or typed and signed by medical practitioner.
Verbal Rx must be confirmed within 72 hours and may be given only in emergencies.
No Rx renewals permitted.
Separated records must be maintained and drugs secured in valut.

Ex: Codeine, morphine, cocaine, methadone, amphetamines, short-acting barbiturates.
Term
Schedule III
Definition
Potential for Abuse: Some
Medicinal Use: Accepted (though may lead to low-to-moderate dependence)

Rx may be oral or written.
Up to 5 Rx renewals permitted in 6 months.

Ex: Long-acting barbiturates, some narcotics, steroids.
Term
Schedule IV
Definition
Potential for Abuse: Low
Medicinal Use: Accepted

Rx may be oral or written. Up to 5 Rx renewals permitted in 6 months.

Ex: Benzodiazepines
Term
Schedule V
Definition
Potential for Abuse: Minimal
Medical Use: Widespread

Minimal controls for selling and dispensing.

Ex: Prescription cough medicines not containing codeine, laxatives, etc.
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