Term
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Definition
| a strong urge to take the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| the drug free period after an individual is addicted for a long time |
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Term
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Definition
| when drug use recurs after abstinence |
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Term
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Definition
| more severe than substance abuse; corresponds roughly to the notion of addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| less severe disorder that may or may not lead subsequently to substance dependence |
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Term
| substance-induced disorders |
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Definition
| disorders characterized by acute intoxicating effects and symptoms of withdrawal of particular substances |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive changes in the amount, pattern, and consequences of drug use as they affect the user’s health and functioning |
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Term
| schedule of controlled substances |
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Definition
| system established by the controlled substances act in 1970 that classifies most substances with abuse potential into one of five schedules. schedules I and II have the strictest guidelines |
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Term
| physical dependence model |
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Definition
| model of addiction based on physical dependence that emphasizes negative reinforcement and predicts that physical dependence is a result of repeated drug use which will result in withdrawal symptoms when drug use stops → & leads to relapses |
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Term
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Definition
| condition characterized by unpleasant symptoms when an individual tries to cease drug use |
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Term
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Definition
| elimination of the drug from one’s system and passage through the abstinence syndrome |
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Term
| positive reinforcement model |
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Definition
| focuses on the ability of many abused drugs to serve as positively reinforcing stimuli; consuming the drug strengthens whatever preceding behavior was performed by the organism |
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Term
| progressive-ratio procedure |
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Definition
| method used to measure the relative power of drug reinforcement by steadily increasing the response to reward ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| the response ratio at which responding ceases |
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Term
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Definition
| a feeling of well being or elevated mood |
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Term
| incentive-sensitization model |
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Definition
| based on numerous experimental findings from both animal and human research and it shows the distinction between drug liking and drug wanting |
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Term
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Definition
| model of addiction in which the initial positive response to a drug is followed by an opposing withdrawal response as the drug wears off |
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Term
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Definition
| the psychological process leading to wanting |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the brain and their psychological manifestations that explain the escalating and compulsive drug use seen as an addiction emerges |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby repeated drug use results in changes that weaken the effect of the drug on the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| an unpleasant mood state in the absence of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| most widely accepted model of addiction in our society |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for the disease model |
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Term
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Definition
| proposes that the disease of addiction stems primarily from an inherited susceptibility to uncontrolled drug use |
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Term
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Definition
| means that once a vulnerable person took any amount of alcohol/drugs he/she could not stop drinking until he became intoxicated/high |
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Term
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Definition
| model of addiction in which changes in the brain due to chronic drug use are thought to lead to loss of control over drug-taking behavior as well as other symptoms of addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| model of addiction that treats addiction as a personal and moral problem |
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Term
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Definition
| comprehensive addiction model that incorporates a range of biological, psychological, and sociological factors in explaining the phenomenon of addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| drug like effects caused by drug-conditioned stimuli that remind an organism how it feels to take a drug and that promote further drug use |
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Term
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Definition
| diagnosis of simultaneous but distinct disease processes in an individual, such as the propensity for drug abusers to be diagnosed with other psychiatric problems |
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Term
| self-medication hypothesis |
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Definition
| theory that addiction is based on an effort by the indicidual to treat oneself for mood or other ill feelings |
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