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Psychopathology
for the final
49
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
12/15/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Schizoaffective Disorder
Definition

  1. Major depressive episode, manic episode, or mixed episode present at the same time as episode of Schizophrenia
  2. periods of 2 weeks of only delusions and/or hallucinations in the absence of prominent mood symptoms
  3. mood symptoms present for substantial portion of time during psychotic episode
Term
Types of Schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Disorganized
  2. catatonic
  3. paranoid
  4. undifferentiated
  5. residual
Term
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Pronounced incoherence of speech
  2. mood disturbance
  3. disorganized behavior, or lack of goal orientation
 
onset is usually at an early age

 

Term
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Definition

2+ symptoms

  1. Motoric immobility - maintenance of fixed body posture or stupor
  2. excessive purposeless motor activity
  3. extreme negativism - rigid attempts to remain motionless or resist instruction (or mutism)
  4. peculiarity of body movement - inappropriate or bizarre stereotyped movements or manerisms
  5. echolalia - automatic repition of what others say
  6. echophraxia - involuntary repetition of others' movement
Term
Echolalia
Definition

 

 

Automatic repition of what others say

Term
Echopraxia
Definition

 

 

Involuntary repition of other's movements

Term
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Delusions and/or hallucinations related to themes of persecutions and grandeur

far more common than disorganized or catatonic types


show better function and are more normal than the other types


active appearance after 25 years of age

Term
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Definition

 

 

 

Criteria A for Schizophrenia is met, but none of the other subtypes are fully met

Term
Residual Schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Absence of prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic, or grossly disorganized behavior
  2. continuing evidence of disturbance: negative symptoms of two or more criterion A symptoms in attenuated form
Term
Positive Schizophrenic Symptoms
Definition
  1. Delusions
  2. Auditory Hallucinations
  3. Thought Disorder
Term
Schizophrenia Criteria A
Definition
Characteristic Symptoms of Schizophrenia
  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized Speech
  4. Grossly exagerated or catatonic behavior
  5. Negative Symptoms
Term
Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms
Definition
  1. Flat, Blunted, or constricted affect and emotion
  2. Poverty of speech
  3. lack of motivation
Term
Schizophrenia criteria B
Definition
Social/occupational dysfunction or derailment
Term
Schizophrenia Criteria C
Definition
Continuous signs for 6 months (includes more than 1 month of full criteria and prodromal and residual symptoms)
Term
Prodrome
Definition
  1. attenuated positive symptoms, or only negative symptoms
  2. phase
    • seen in 75% of first episode patients
    • average duration 3-4 years
Term
Schizophrenia criteria D
Definition
Schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder with psychotic features has been ruled out
Term
Schizophrenia criteria E
Definition
The disturbance is not due to the direct psychological effects of a substance or condition
Term
Substance Abuse Criteria
Definition

1/4

  1. Recurrent, drug-related failure to fulfill major role obligations
  2. recurrent drug use in physically dangerous situations
  3. recurrent drug-related legal problems
  4. continued drug use despite social or interpersonal problems
Term
Substance Dependence Criteria
Definition

3/7

  1. Preoccupation with drug
  2. unintentional overuse
  3. tolerance
  4. withdrawal
  5. persistent desire or efforts to control drug use
  6. abandonment of important social, occupational, or recreational activities
  7. continued drug use despite serious health-related problems
Term
Delusion of Reference
Definition
False belief that external events, such as other people's actions or natural disasters, somehow relate to oneself
Term
Risk factors for alcoholism
Definition
  1. poor self regulation, anxiety, depression, shyness
  2. family dynamic - depressed, anggressive parents
  3. peer relationship and culture - acceptibility, advertising, access from peers/culture, having close friends who do it
  4. gene-environment interaction - specific to alcohol and general (lack of impulse control)
  5. brain development and gaps in maturity- risk taking vs decision making difference
  6. different sensitivity to alcohol - adolescents are less likely to be hung over than adults are
Term
Cortical Modulation ratio
Definition

The relative power of the cortical and limbic brain regions to modulate the more primitive, reactive output of the brainstems and the midbrain

 

2.0 with optimal experience.

Term
Bruce Perry
Definition
Man behind cortical modulation ratio theory of neurodevelopmental factors in violence
Term
Type 1 Schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Positive symptoms
  2. Abrupt onset
  3. preserved intelligence
  4. better response to antipsychotic meds
Term
Type 2 Schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Negative symptoms
  2. gradual onset
  3. greater chronicity and intellectual impairment
  4. poorer response to psychotic drugs
Term
Expressed emotion
Definition
Family interaction style in which families are overinvolved with each other, are over-protective of the disturbed family member, voice self-sacrificing attitudes to the disturbed family member and simultaneously are critical, hostile, and resentful of this member
Term
Circumstantial thinking
Definition
Schizophrenic symptom where the person cannot get directly to the point while talking.
Term
Types of mental hospitals
Definition

Custodial care

Therapeutic community

Term
Custodial Care
Definition

people are warehoused and forgotten

 

top down power system

 

administrators > nursing staff > patients

Term
Therapeutic Community
Definition

Individuals have power to influence other individuals in the community through voting them into, or out of the community.

 

focuses on self-help

Term
Family oriented aftercare
Definition
dealing with patients who have been hospitalized and keeping momentum going through their families by reducing incidents of expressed emotion
Term
Assertive Community treatment
Definition
uses medicine and skills training
Term
Autism symptoms
Definition
  • Deficits in social interaction
  • lack of social or emotional reciprocity
  • deficits in communication
  • defitis in activities or interests
  • motor mannerisms like hand or finger flapping or twisting
Term
Asperger's symptoms
Definition

deficits in social interaction

deficits in activities and interests

Term
What does autism show that asperger's does not
Definition

impairments in

.....

language development

cognitive development

adaptive behavior

self-help skills

curiosity about the environment

Term
Pervasive Development disorder
Definition

 Sever and lasting impairment in several areas of development, including social interactions, communication with others, and everyday behaviors, interests, and activities. 

Term
Specific examples of Pervasive development disorders
Definition
  1. Autism
  2. Asperger's
  3. Rett's Disorder
  4. Childhood Disintigrative disorder
Term
Ranking of effectiveness for ADHD treatments
Definition
ritalin plus therapy > ritalin alone > therapy alone > routine community care
Term
Diathesis-stress model
Definition

Biological/social/psychological factors

+

biological/social/psychologic triggers

=

disorder

Term
Rett's Disorder
Definition

normal development and head circumfrence of head for 5 months 

deceleration of head growth between 5 and 48 months

loss of learned motor and social skills

poor development of motor skills and language

Term
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Definition

Normal development for 2 years

significant loss by age 10 in at least 2:

expressive or receptive language, social skills, or adaptive behavior

bowel or bladder control

play, motor skills

 

abnormalities of functioning in at least 2 of the following

social interaction

communication or restrivtive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities

Term
What do antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics do?
Definition

Target dopamine receptors

reduce positive symptoms

Term
Sensory gating Deficite
Definition

Delays or other problems in the processing of sensory information

 

schizophrenic symptom

 

Term
Characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia 
Definition
  1. content of thought: various delusions
  2. Perception: hallucinations
  3. form of thought: loose associations
  4. Attention deficits
  5. Emotional disturbance
Term
Content of thought delusions in schizophrenia
Definition
  1. Grossly peculiar/wrong beliefs
    • Persecutory delusions - believing someone is after you
    • delusions of reference - believing someone is talking to you
    • thought broadcasting
Term
Most common type of schizophrenic hallucination
Definition
auditory
Term
Schizophrenia: Form of thought loose association
Definition

derailment of thought

circumstantial thinking

tangential thinking

illogical thinking

Term
Schizophrenia: Attention deficits
Definition
  1. Hyper-vigilance to extraneous stimuli
    • probably due to sensory gating effect
    • less adaptation to repeated stimuli
  2. cognitive flooding
Term
Schizophrenia: emotional disturbances
Definition

Blunt affect

flat affect

inappropriate affect

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